TRADITION – HOW TO TALK ABOUT IT, HOW TO PASS IT ON? THE FUNCTION OF LANGUAGE IN INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION

The article focuses on the principal roles and functions that a language performs in every community. The specificity of language in the process of communicating cultural contents has become a salient issue in the recent years, due to co-occurrence of linguistic communications with w broad range of cultural behaviours. Major questions discussed here include in the manner in which the subsequent generations find out about local traditions and how this knowledge will be cultivated and passed on. The article presents specific examples, which need not involve fossilized conditions of cultural transmission; on the contrary, they can and should inspire young generations to ‘acquire’ it

Social and cultural aspects of adoption in Bolivia

The principal aim of this article is to determine the function of the adoption in Bolivia, which usually is the main cultural and social value. I am of the opinion that the adoption in Bolivia cannot be considered in isolation from the cultural, social and historical determination. I also consider that interpretation and analysis of the conditions of adoption should be considered with a lot of relations between the members of this society. Adoption in Bolivia is a lengthy and complex process and the Bolivian judicial and administrative requirements are numerous. Although adoption of children in Bolivia by foreigners remains a sensitive issue, the Bolivian courts are willing to approve such adoptions. Bolivia has two types of adoptions: national and intercountry. However, Bolivia does not allow intercountry adoptions to countries that have not ratified the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption, including the United States. In order to be eligible for adoption, a Bolivian child must be "abandoned." Abandonment is a legal finding made by the Bolivian court, and must occur before the child is assigned to prospective adoptive parents. In effect, this prohibits so-called "direct" adoptions, in which the birth parent gives a child directly (or via an intermediary) to specific prospective adoptive parents for adoption. In addition, this effectively bars adoptive parents from searching for and locating a child on their own. Prospective adoptive parents must work with the Vice-Ministry of Gender and Generational Affairs to locate a child that is eligible for adoption. Adoption in Bolivia has a very important value to all members of this country. This problem is fundamental from the society's point of view and it is very important to observe the development and solutions of this question

Carmen po baskijsku czyli uliczna opera w Pampelunie

Basque Carmen – street opera in PamplonaArticle is an attempt to approximate the anthropological interpretation of Pamplona’s bull run (encierro) in Spain. Article is based on two main aspects related to the traditions of bullfi ghts: Carmen by Georges Bizet and Basque topic. Based on the analysis of the texts and my own field research I would like to reflect on whether encierros can be regarded as a theatrical spectacle. For this purpose I will try to indicate the proper theater criteria and ascertain whether they occur in relation to encierros and corrida de toros as well

Evaluation of the health behaviors of women in multiple pregnancies — a preliminary study

Objectives: The aim of the paper was to assess which health behavior indicators were characteristic for women with a multiple pregnancy. Material and method: The study involved 35 women in multiple pregnancies. The inclusion criteria were: the completion of the 22nd week of pregnancy (22 Hbd, i.e., 22 weeks and 1/7) and the consent of the women to participate in the study. We used an original questionnaire devised by us specifically for our study, as well as a standardized research tool, Juczyński’s Health Behavior Inventory questionnaire, for the assessment of the pregnant women’s health behaviors. Results: The overall rate of health behaviors was high and was on average 93.9 ± 10.8 points (7 sten scores). Indicators of the health behaviors of women in multiple pregnancies were high across all categories. However, the highest rate was observed in preventive behaviors. Conclusions: The overall rate of health behaviors of women with a multiple pregnancy and all the individual behavior category indicators were high. However, the highest rate was for preventive behaviors. The indicator values of the health behaviors of the pregnant women in the study were not dependent on the variables adopted in this paper

CRISPR/Cas9 screen for genome-wide interrogation of essential MYC-bound E-boxes in cancer cells

The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene with a well-documented essential role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of several types of cancer. MYC binds to specific E-box sequences in the genome to regulate gene expression in a cell-type- and developmental-stage-specific manner. To date, a combined analysis of essential MYC-bound E-boxes and their downstream target genes important for growth of different types of cancer is missing. In this study, we designed a CRISPR/Cas9 library to destroy E-box sequences in a genome-wide fashion. In parallel, we used the Brunello library to knock out protein-coding genes. We performed high-throughput screens with these libraries in four MYC-dependent cancer cell lines - K562, ST486, HepG2 and MCF7 - which revealed several essential E-boxes and genes. Among them we pinpointed crucial common and cell-type-specific MYC-regulated genes involved in pathways associated with cancer development. Extensive validation of our approach confirmed that E-box disruption affects MYC binding, target-gene expression and cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Our unique, well-validated tool opens new possibilities to gain novel insights into MYC-dependent vulnerabilities in cancer cells.</p

CRISPR/Cas9 screen for genome-wide interrogation of essential MYC-bound E-boxes in cancer cells

The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene with a well-documented essential role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of several types of cancer. MYC binds to specific E-box sequences in the genome to regulate gene expression in a cell-type- and developmental-stage-specific manner. To date, a combined analysis of essential MYC-bound E-boxes and their downstream target genes important for growth of different types of cancer is missing. In this study, we designed a CRISPR/Cas9 library to destroy E-box sequences in a genome-wide fashion. In parallel, we used the Brunello library to knock out protein-coding genes. We performed high-throughput screens with these libraries in four MYC-dependent cancer cell lines - K562, ST486, HepG2 and MCF7 - which revealed several essential E-boxes and genes. Among them we pinpointed crucial common and cell-type-specific MYC-regulated genes involved in pathways associated with cancer development. Extensive validation of our approach confirmed that E-box disruption affects MYC binding, target-gene expression and cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Our unique, well-validated tool opens new possibilities to gain novel insights into MYC-dependent vulnerabilities in cancer cells.</p