1,762 research outputs found
Law as a Method for Defining Social Life in the Successful Society
In the successful society, a citizen of the social law-bound state acts as an independent subject. The form and degree of freedom is a right that should expand the limiting boundaries for an individual in different spheres of life: in manufacturing, in economic activity, etc. Man, his rights and freedoms are the supreme value, and fundamental human rights and freedoms shall be enjoyed by everyone from birth. These are the two components of the constitutional legal understanding (value-oriented law and natural law). Human rights are a reflection of the fact that the comprehensive perfection of humankind is impossible without exercising human rights. The article defines the role of international institutions and organizations in cooperation with regard to the issue of rights and of international law, presented a set of legislative acts and documents of different levels that make up the system of determining the social life of a successful society
Phase stability, ordering tendencies, and magnetism in single-phase fcc Au-Fe nanoalloys
Bulk Au-Fe alloys separate into Au-based fcc and Fe-based bcc phases, but
L1 and L1 orderings were reported in single-phase Au-Fe nanoparticles.
Motivated by these observations, we study the structural and ordering
energetics in this alloy by combining density functional theory (DFT)
calculations with effective Hamiltonian techniques: a cluster expansion with
structural filters, and the configuration-dependent lattice deformation model.
The phase separation tendency in Au-Fe persists even if the fcc-bcc
decomposition is suppressed. The relative stability of disordered bcc and fcc
phases observed in nanoparticles is reproduced, but the fully ordered L1
AuFe, L1 AuFe, and L1 AuFe structures are unstable in DFT.
However, a tendency to form concentration waves at the corresponding [001]
ordering vector is revealed in nearly-random alloys in a certain range of
concentrations. This incipient ordering requires enrichment by Fe relative to
the equiatomic composition, which may occur in the core of a nanoparticle due
to the segregation of Au to the surface. Effects of magnetism on the chemical
ordering are also discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figure
Leader in Politics and Governance: Russian Aspect
The paper analyzes the nature of the political leader's image; interaction of the political leader with different faces, sides and aspects of political life is considered; distinctness of its manifestations is identified. Analysis of the political leader's image formation, comparison of models and comparative analysis of political leaders’ characters are made with reference of Russia
STRONTIUM DISTRIBUTION IN UPPER DEVONIAN CONODONT ELEMENTS: A PALAEOBIOLOGICAL PROXY
Conodonts are an extinct group of marine animals possessing debated affinities. The conodont elements are composed of calcium phosphate [apatite (CaF)] and collagen-like proteins. Distribution of Sr in the bioapatite of albid, lamellar and paralamellar tissues of some Upper Devonian conodont element crowns from NW Russia was studied by microprobe. The calcium phosphate of the lamellar and paralamellar tissues demonstrates periodical oscillation of Sr contents across the lamellae (0.4-0.5 wt% in the outer part of lamella, and 0.2 wt% in the inner part). The albid tissue contains Sr of less than 0.4 wt%. It is suggested that oscillations of Sr concentrations reflect the periodic growth of the lamellae, and the average Ca/Sr ratio can be a proxy of the growth rate
Exact analytic Gorkov-Ginzburg-Landau theory of type-II superconductivity in the magneto-quantum oscillations limit
A new Green's function representation is employed in a microscopic derivation
of a Ginzburg-Landau theory of strongly type superconductivity at high magnetic
fields. An exact analytical, physically transparent expression for the quartic
term in the corresponding order parameter expansion is presented. The resulting
expression reveals singular non-local contributions to the superconducting (SC)
free energy, associated with highly coherent cyclotron motions of the paired
electrons near the Fermi surface, which are strongly coupled to the vortex
lattice. A major part of these contributions arises from incoherent scattering
by the spatially averaged pair-potential, which is purely harmonic in the de
Haas van Alphen frequency. However, coherent scatterings by the ordered vortex
lattice generate, at low temperatures, large erratically oscillating (i.e.
paramagnetic-diamagnetic) contribution to the SC free energy as a function of
the magnetic field. Vortex lattice disorder, which tends to suppress this
oscillatory component, is found to preserve the singular harmonic part of the
SC free energy
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