Global trend of methane abatement inventions and widening mismatch with methane emissions

Substantially reducing methane emissions is the fastest way to repress near-term warming and is an essential prerequisite for reaching the 1.5 °C target. However, knowledge about the global invention trend, sectoral and national distribution and international diffusion of methane-targeted abatement technologies (MTATs) remains limited. On the basis of patent data, we identify more than 175,000 MTAT inventions applied between 1990 and 2019 by 133 countries or dependent territories. Our results revealed that after sustained growth of more than fourfold, the number of global high-quality MTAT inventions declined by 3.5% annually from 2010 to 2019. The sectoral and national-level distributions of MTAT inventions and methane emissions are strongly mismatched. Additionally, the international diffusion of MTATs is 11.1% lower than that of overall climate change mitigation technologies and most transfers occur between developed countries or flow to China, South Korea and Brazil; however, other developing countries and the least developed countries are rarely involved

Early-stage effect of HIBD on neuro-motor function and organic composition of neurovascular units in neonatal rats

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) on early-stage neuro-motor function, cerebral blood flow, and the neurovascular unit.MethodsTwenty-four Sprague–Dawley newborn rats aged 7 days were obtained and randomly assigned to either the sham or the model group using a random number table. The HIBD model was established using the Rice-Vannucci method. After the induction of HIBD, the body weight of the rats was measured and their neuro-motor function was assessed. Further, cerebral blood flow perfusion was evaluated using laser speckle flow imaging, and immunofluorescent staining techniques were employed for examining the activation of specific markers and their morphological changes in different cell populations, which included vascular endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia within the motor cortex.ResultsAfter HIBD, the model group exhibited impaired neuro-motor function and growth. Cerebral blood flow perfusion decreased in both the hemispheres on day 1 and in the ipsilateral brain on day 4. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups on day 7. Moreover, the CD31 and NeuN showed a sharp decline on day 1, which was followed by a gradual increase in the expression levels. The activated microglia and astrocytes formed clusters in the injured cortex. Notably, the regions with positive staining for Arg-1, Iba-1, CD68, and GFAP consistently displayed higher values in the model group as compared to that in the sham group. The total number of branch endpoints and microglia branches was higher in the model group than in the sham group. Immunofluorescent co-localization analysis revealed no co-staining between Iba-1 and Arg-1; however, the Pearson’s R-value for the co-localization of Iba-1 and CD68 was higher in the model group, which indicated an increasing trend of co-staining in the model group.ConclusionEarly-stage neuro-motor function, cerebral blood flow, microvasculature, and neurons in neonatal rats exhibited a trend of gradual recovery over time. The activation and upregulation of neuroglial cells continued persistently after HIBD. Furthermore, the impact of HIBD on early-stage neuro-motor function in newborn rats did not synchronize with the activation of neuroglial cells. The recovery of neuro-motor function, microvasculature, and neurons occurred earlier than that of neuroglial cells

Global trend of methane abatement inventions and widening mismatch with methane emissions

<p>This is dataset for paper "Global trend of methane abatement inventions and widening mismatch with methane emissions", forthcoming in Nature Climate Change. </p&gt

Effects of microcurrent therapy in promoting function and pain management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Introduction Microcurrent therapy (MCT) is a rising conservative treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Considering its potential benefits and convenience, MCT’s application in those individuals with knee OA is capacious. However, no plausible clinical evidence has proved its unequivocal advantages in treating knee OA conservatively. The purpose of this study is to determine whether MCT is helpful in pain management and promoting function of knee OA and is safe in the treatment of knee OA in adult patients.Methods and analysis We will search through MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to 15 March 2023. Original studies will include randomised controlled trials of patients treated with MCT. Two authors will independently screen, select studies, extract data and perform risk of bias assessment. Data consistently reported across studies will be pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be evaluated using Cochrane’s Q statistic and quantified using I2 statistics. Graphical and formal statistical tests will be used to assess for publication bias.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will not be needed for this study as the data will be extracted from already published studies. The results of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration number CRD4202231982