INVESTIGATION OF DIGGING MACHINES FOR CONSTRUCTION BY THE “DIAPHRAGM WALL” METHOD

Introduction. Construction in Kazakhstan is one of the leading sectors that has a significant impact on the development of a large number of related industries of the Republic of Kazakhstan. No construction is complete without road construction equipment. Despite the positive developments in the industry including the park of the main construction machinery, things are still more difficult than that. The acquisition of new machine base, with working bodies’ equipment is very expensive. It is economically expedient to develop hinged working bodies on the basic machines existing in Kazakhstan enterprises.Materials and methods. According to the demonstrated problem, the article considers the method of morphological analysis to identify new types of working bodies of digging machines. Moreover, the main classification features of the working bodies of excavating machines are determined in the research and the number of trajectories of the working element’s movement is established.Results. The constructed morphological tree is presented and as a result of such method, the 484 possible and existing designs of working bodies of excavating machines are revealed. A set of conditions for excluding the unacceptable options for hydro mechanical and mechanical working bodies from the hypothetical working bodies is formulated.Discussion and conclusions. Suspended tunneling equipment could be used for both trenching and well drilling, and such processes are evidenced by the patent for the design

Analysis of K-ras codon 12 and TP53 mutations in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer, affecting 3 - 5% of the global population. K-ras protooncogene and TP53 tumour suppressor gene mutations are among the most common genetic alterations detected in advanced colorectaltumours.Objective. To investigate the role of K-ras codon 12 and TP53 exons 5 - 9 mutations in late-stage CRC patients.Methods. Blood samples were collected from 249 CRC patients, of whom 147 presented with advanced carcinoma. K-ras codon 12 mutations were analysed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while direct sequencing was used in screening for TP53 exons 5 - 9 mutations.Results. No significant changes were observed in TP53 exons 5 - 9, except for two cases in which nucleotide replacements were observed in the non-coding regions in intron 4 (c.376-19C>T) and intron 9 (c.993+12T>C). Heterozygous mutations in K-ras codon 12 were observed in 79 individuals suffering from advanced CRC (53.7%). Colon and rectal tumours were equally distributed among the heterozygotes, but colon tumours were mostly present in wild-type homozygotes (84.6%). There was also a predominance of Caucasians among heterozygotes and a predominance of Asians among the wild-type homozygotes.Conclusion. Analysis of peripheral blood samples of CRC patients suffering from advanced carcinoma has prognostic value only for K-ras codon 12 mutations, and not for TP53 mutations