Effect of sulfosuccinylation of corn starch on the adhesion to viscose fibres at lower temperature

Acid-thinned corn starch has been sulfosuccinylated to different levels of degree of substitution to study the adhesion of starch to viscose fibres at lower temperature. The sulfosuccinylated starches with a degree of substitution range 0.009 - 0.036 have been synthesized through a two-step reaction, namely starch maleation and sulfonation. The adhesion is evaluated in term of tensile force of slightly sized roving yarns. In addition, light transmittance, surface tension and retrogradation of cooked starch paste have also been measured for revealing the reason why the improvement on the adhesion is achieved. Sulfosuccinylated starch is characterized by FTIR and DSC. It is found that the sulfosuccinylation helps to overcome inherent drawback like insufficient adhesion of starch to fibres under lower temperature. The improvement is achieved through reducing the retrogradation and surface tension of cooked starch paste under lower temperature. It is recommended that the sulfosuccinylated starch is capable of being used at the temperature of about 65 °C, without significantly exhibiting the adverse influence on the adhesion when sulfosuccinylated starch has the degree of substitution value of 0.02-0.036

Spin-wave mediated interactions for Majority Computation using Skyrmions and Spin-torque Nano-oscillators

Recent progress in all-electrical nucleation, detection and manipulation of magnetic skyrmions has unlocked the tremendous potential of skyrmion-based spintronic devices. Here, we show via micromagnetic simulations that the stable magnetic oscillations of STNO radiate spin waves (SWs) that can be scattered in the presence of skyrmions in the near vicinity. Interference between SWs emitted by the STNO and SWs scattered by the skyrmion gives rise to interesting dynamics that leads to amplification or attenuation of STNO's magnetic oscillations. In the presence of strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), the amplified magnetic oscillations evolve into a new skyrmion. These interactions between skyrmions and STNOs are found to be identical for both Neel-type and Bloch-type skyrmions, and are not observed between domain walls and STNOs. These findings offer a novel perspective in processing information using single skyrmions and we propose a 3-bit majority gate for logic applications.Comment: Final Versio

Toughened cyanoethyl starch by blending with poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) latex for warp sizing

The effect of an emulsion-copolymerized poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) latex on the toughening of cyanoethyl starch (CES) has been studied through blending to reduce the brittleness of CES film for warp sizing. The toughening has been accessed in terms of breaking elongation, tensile strength, work-at-break, and bending endurance of CES film. Also, the influences of the latex on the adhesion-to-fibre, desizability, and aerobic biodegradation of CES have been examined. The results show that the latex is able to toughen CES film and this action depends strongly on its blending ratio. With the increases in ratio, the breaking elongation, work-at-break, and bending endurance of the film increase gradually, whereas tensile strength of the film decreases slowly. In addition, blending the latex with CES favors the adhesion of CES to cotton and polyester fibres. It has also been found that the latex/CES blends are desizable and aerobic degradable. Suitable blending ratio in warp sizing is found in a range of 12-16 % by weight

A Discrete-Time Unreliable Geo/G/1

This paper deals with the steady-state behavior of a discrete-time unreliable Geo/G/1 retrial queueing system with balking customers and second optional service. The server may break down randomly while serving the customers. If the server breaks down, the server is sent to be repaired immediately. We analyze the Markov chain underlying the considered system and its ergodicity condition. Then, we obtain some performance measures based on the generating functions. Moreover, a stochastic decomposition result of the system size is investigated. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effect of some parameters on main performance measures of the system

A Discrete-Time Unreliable Geo/G/1 Retrial Queue with Balking Customers, Second Optional Service, and General Retrial Times

This paper deals with the steady-state behavior of a discrete-time unreliable / /1 retrial queueing system with balking customers and second optional service. The server may break down randomly while serving the customers. If the server breaks down, the server is sent to be repaired immediately. We analyze the Markov chain underlying the considered system and its ergodicity condition. Then, we obtain some performance measures based on the generating functions. Moreover, a stochastic decomposition result of the system size is investigated. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effect of some parameters on main performance measures of the system