A simple and efficient method for isolating polymorphic microsatellites from cDNA

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Microsatellites in cDNA are useful as molecular markers because they represent transcribed genes and can be used as anchor markers for linkage and comparative mapping, as well as for studying genome evolution. Microsatellites in cDNA can be detected in existing ESTs by data mining. However, in most fish species, no ESTs are available or the number of ESTs is limited, although fishes represent half of the vertebrates on the earth. We developed a simple and efficient method for isolation of microsatellites from cDNA in fish.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The method included normalization of 150 ng cDNA using 0.5 U duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) at 65°C for 30 min, enrichment of microsatellites using biotinylated oligonucleotides and magnetic field, and directional cloning of cDNA into a vector. We tested this method to enrich CA- and GA-microsatellites from cDNA of Asian seabass, and demonstrated that enrichment of microsatellites from normalized cDNA could increased the efficiency of microsatellite isolation over 30 times as compared to direct sequencing of clones from cDNA libraries. One hundred and thirty-nine (36.2%) out of 384 clones from normalized cDNA contained microsatellites. Unique microsatellite sequences accounted for 23.6% (91/384) of sequenced clones. Sixty microsatellites isolated from cDNA were characterized, and 41 were polymorphic. The average allele number of the 41 microsatellites was 4.85 ± 0.54, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.56 ± 0.03. All the isolated microsatellites inherited in a Mendelian pattern.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Normalization of cDNA substantially increased the efficiency of enrichment of microsatellites from cDNA. The described method for isolation of microsatellites from cDNA has the potential to be applied to a wide range of fish species. The microsatellites isolated from cDNA could be useful for linkage and comparative mapping, as well as for studying genome evolution.</p

2,6-Dichloro-N-(4-chloro­phen­yl)benzamide

In the title compound, C13H8Cl3NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 63.2 (2)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into C(4) chains propagating in [001]. Weak aromatic π–π stacking also occurs [centroid–centroid separations = 3.759 (3) and 3.776 (3) Å]

3-Mesityl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro­[4.4]non-3-en-4-yl 4-chloro­benzoate

The title compound, C24H23ClO4, is a potent insecticide and miticide. The five-membered cyclo­pentane ring displays an envelope conformation with the atom at the flap position 0.611 (2) Å out of the mean plane formed by the other four atoms. The furan ring makes dihedral angles of 71.3 (2) and 81.9 (2)°, respectively, with the 2,4,6-trimethyl­phenyl and 4-chloro­phenyl rings. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 76.6 (1)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the c axis

Spectral karyotyping reveals a comprehensive karyotype in an adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leu-kemia (ALL). Comprehensive karyotype was related to poor prognosis frequently in ALL. We present a comprehensive karyotype in an adult ALL by spectral karyotyping (SKY) and R-banding. SKY not only confirmed the abnormalities previously seen by R-banding but also improved comprehensive karyotype analysis with the following result 47,XY,+9, ins(1;5)(q23;q23q34) t(6;7)(q23;p13). Our report demonstrated that SKY is able to provide more information accurately for prediction of disease prognosis in adult ALL with compre-hensive karyotype

Event-based pedestrian detection using dynamic vision sensors

Pedestrian detection has attracted great research attention in video surveillance, traffic statistics, and especially in autonomous driving. To date, almost all pedestrian detection solutions are derived from conventional framed-based image sensors with limited reaction speed and high data redundancy. Dynamic vision sensor (DVS), which is inspired by biological retinas, efficiently captures the visual information with sparse, asynchronous events rather than dense, synchronous frames. It can eliminate redundant data transmission and avoid motion blur or data leakage in high-speed imaging applications. However, it is usually impractical to directly apply the event streams to conventional object detection algorithms. For this issue, we first propose a novel event-to-frame conversion method by integrating the inherent characteristics of events more efficiently. Moreover, we design an improved feature extraction network that can reuse intermediate features to further reduce the computational effort. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method on a custom dataset containing multiple real-world pedestrian scenes. The results indicate that our proposed method raised its pedestrian detection accuracy by about 5.6–10.8%, and its detection speed is nearly 20% faster than previously reported methods. Furthermore, it can achieve a processing speed of about 26 FPS and an AP of 87.43% when implanted on a single CPU so that it fully meets the requirement of real-time detection

Poly[μ-aqua-diaqua­(μ3-N′-carboxy­methyl­ethylenediamine-N,N,N′-tri­acetato)oxidopotassium(I)vanadium(IV)]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [KV(C10H13N2O8)O(H2O)3]n, the VIV ion adopts a distorted octa­hedral geometry, coordinated by one oxide group, two N and three carboxylate O atoms from the same N′-carboxy­methyl­ethyl­ene­diamine-N,N,N′-triacetate (HEDTA) ligand. The potassium ion is hepta­coordinated by two water mol­ecules, two bridging water mol­ecules and three carboxylate O atoms from three neighbouring HEDTA ligands. The HEDTA ligands and some of the water mol­ecules act as bridges, linking the compound into a three-dimensional architecture via 21 screw, c-glide, translation and inversion symmetry operators. Meanwhile, three types of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds provide an additional stabilization of the three-dimensional architecture