1,294 research outputs found
Superconductivity and hybrid soft modes in TiSe
The competition between superconductivity and other ground states of solids
is one of the challenging topics in condensed matter physics. Apart from
high-temperature superconductors [1,2] this interplay also plays a central role
in the layered transition-metal dichalcogenides, where superconductivity is
stabilized by suppressing charge-density-wave order to zero temperature by
intercalation [3] or applied pressure [4-7]. 1T-TiSe forms a prime example,
featuring superconducting domes on intercalation as well as under applied
pressure. Here, we present high energy-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering
measurements of the CDW soft phonon mode in intercalated CuTiSe and
pressurized 1T-TiSe along with detailed ab-initio calculations for the
lattice dynamical properties and phonon-mediated superconductivity. We find
that the intercalation-induced superconductivity can be explained by a solely
phonon-mediated pairing mechanism, while this is not possible for the
superconducting phase under pressure. We argue that a hybridization of phonon
and exciton modes in the pairing mechanism is necessary to explain the full
observed temperature-pressure-intercalation phase diagram. These results
indicate that 1T-TiSe under pressure is close to the elusive state of the
excitonic insulator
Saturation and Wilson Line Distributions
We introduce a Wilson line distribution function bar{W}_tau(v) to study gluon
saturation at small Feynman x_F, or large tau=ln(1/x_F). This new distribution
can be obtained from the distribution W_tau(alpha) of the Color Glass
Condensate model and the JIMWLK renormalization group equation. bar{W}_tau(v)
is physically more relevant, and mathematically simpler to deal with because of
unitarity of the Wilson line v. A JIMWLK equation is derived for bar{W}_tau(v);
its properties are studied. These properties are used to complete Mueller's
derivation of the JIMWLK equation, though for bar{W}_tau(v) and not
W_tau(alpha). They are used to derive a generalized Balitsky-Kovchegov equation
for higher multipole amplitudes. They are also used to compute the unintegrated
gluon distribution at x_F=0, yielding a completely flat spectrum in transverse
momentum squared k^2, with a known height. This is similar but not identical to
the mean field result at small k^2.Comment: One reference and two short comments added. To appear in Physical
Revies
Enhancement of Hydroxyapatite Dissolution through Krypton Ion Irradiation
International audienceHydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized by a wet chemical route was subjected to heavy ion irradiation, using 4 MeV Krypton ions (Kr 17+) with ion fluence ranging from 1Ă10 13 to 1Ă10 15 ions/cm 2. Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) results confirmed the phase purity of irradiated HA with a moderate contraction in lattice parameters, and further indicated irradiation-induced structural disorder, evident by a broadening of diffraction peaks. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations indicated that the applied Kr irradiation induced significant damage in the hydroxyapatite lattice. Specifically, cavities were observed with their diameter and density varying with irradiation fluences while a radiation-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transition with increasing ion dose was identified. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further indicated the presence of irradiation-induced defects. Compositional analysis of pristine and irradiated materials following immersion in Tris (pH 7.4, 37â) buffer showed that dissolution in vitro was enhanced by irradiation, reaching a peak for 0.1dpa. We examined the effects of irradiation on the early stages of the mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E) response. A cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8 test) was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity of samples, and viable cells can be observed on the irradiated materials.L'hydroxyapatite (HA) synthĂ©tisĂ©e par voie chimique a Ă©tĂ© soumise Ă une irradiation ionique lourde, en utilisant des ions Krypton 4 MeV (Kr 17+) avec une fluence ionique allant de 1 Ă 10 13 Ă 1 Ă 10 15 ions / cm 2. Incidence du regard X- Les rĂ©sultats de la diffraction des rayons (GIXRD) ont confirmĂ© la puretĂ© de phase de l'AH irradiĂ© avec une contraction modĂ©rĂ©e des paramĂštres du rĂ©seau et ont en outre indiquĂ© un trouble structurel induit par l'irradiation, Ă©vident par un Ă©largissement des pics de diffraction. Des observations en microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă transmission Ă haute rĂ©solution (HRTEM) ont indiquĂ© que l'irradiation au Kr appliquĂ©e a induit des dommages importants dans le rĂ©seau d'hydroxyapatite. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, des cavitĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es avec leur diamĂštre et leur densitĂ© variant avec les fluences d'irradiation tandis qu'une transition cristalline-amorphe induite par le rayonnement avec une dose ionique croissante a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©e. L'analyse par spectroscopie photoĂ©lectronique Raman et X (XPS) a en outre indiquĂ© la prĂ©sence de dĂ©fauts induits par l'irradiation. L'analyse de la composition des matĂ©riaux vierges et irradiĂ©s aprĂšs immersion dans du tampon Tris (pH 7,4, 37 â) a montrĂ© que la dissolution in vitro Ă©tait amĂ©liorĂ©e par irradiation, atteignant un pic de 0,1 dpa. Nous avons examinĂ© les effets de l'irradiation sur les premiers stades de la rĂ©ponse des cellules de type ostĂ©oblaste de souris (MC3T3-E). Un test de comptage de cellules kit 8 (test CCK-8) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© pour Ă©tudier la cytotoxicitĂ© des Ă©chantillons, et des cellules viables peuvent ĂȘtre observĂ©es sur les matĂ©riaux irradiĂ©s
Aperçu nanostructural du comportement en dissolution de l'hydroxyapatite dopée au Sr
International audienceIn this study, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was employed to characterize the nanostructure of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) and its evolution following in vitro immersion in physiological solutions. HRTEM images showed that the substitution of Sr induced local distortions in the hydroxyapatite (HA) lattice: minor levels of edge dislocations were detected at low doping contents of Sr ions (1 at %); when the Sr content exceeded 10 at%, the density of grain boundaries increased notably and triple junctions were clearly observed. The dissolution of undoped HA was initiated at crystallite surfaces, whereas the dissolution of Sr-HA started around grain boundaries. Acicular nanocrystal reprecipitation was observed on grain surfaces immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), while not in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl). These findings suggest appropriate levels of Sr incorporation can introduce imperfections in the crystal structure of apatite and thus enhance its dissolution rate towards enhanced physicochemical performance in biomedical applicationshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.07.056Dans cette Ă©tude, la microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă transmission Ă haute rĂ©solution (HRTEM) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour caractĂ©riser la nanostructure de l'hydroxyapatite substituĂ©e au strontium (Sr-HA) et son Ă©volution aprĂšs immersion in vitro dans des solutions physiologiques. Les images HRTEM ont montrĂ© que la substitution des distorsions locales induites par le Sr dans le rĂ©seau d'hydroxyapatite (HA): des niveaux mineurs de dislocations de bords ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©s Ă de faibles teneurs en dopage d'ions Sr (1 at%); lorsque la teneur en Sr dĂ©passait 10% at%, la densitĂ© des joints de grains augmentait de maniĂšre notable et des triple jonctions Ă©taient clairement observĂ©es. La dissolution de l'HA non dopĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e au niveau des surfaces de cristallites, alors que la dissolution de Sr-HA a commencĂ© autour des joints de grains. Une reprĂ©cipitation aciculaire de nanocristaux a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e sur des surfaces de grains immergĂ©es dans un fluide corporel simulĂ© (SBF), mais non dans de l'acide chlorhydrique diluĂ© (HCl). Ces dĂ©couvertes suggĂšrent que des niveaux appropriĂ©s dâincorporation de Sr peuvent introduire des imperfections dans la structure cristalline de lâapatite et ainsi augmenter sa vitesse de dissolution afin dâamĂ©liorer les performances physicochimiques dans les applications biomĂ©dicales.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.07.05
Critical Currents of Ideal Quantum Hall Superfluids
Filling factor bilayer electron systems in the quantum Hall regime
have an excitonic-condensate superfluid ground state when the layer separation
is less than a critical value . On a quantum Hall plateau current
injected and removed through one of the two layers drives a dissipationless
edge current that carries parallel currents, and a dissipationless bulk
supercurrent that carries opposing currents in the two layers. In this paper we
discuss the theory of finite supercurrent bilayer states, both in the presence
and in the absence of symmetry breaking inter-layer hybridization. Solutions to
the microscopic mean-field equations exist at all condensate phase winding
rates for zero and sufficiently weak hybridization strengths. We find, however,
that collective instabilities occur when the supercurrent exceeds a critical
value determined primarily by a competition between direct and exchange
inter-layer Coulomb interactions. The critical current is estimated using a
local stability criterion and varies as when approaches
from below. For large inter-layer hybridization, we find that the
critical current is limited by a soliton instability of microscopic origin.Comment: 18 RevTeX pgs, 21 eps figure
Quantum trajectory approach to stochastically-induced quantum interference effects in coherently-driven two-level atoms
Stochastic perturbation of two-level atoms strongly driven by a coherent
light field is analyzed by the quantum trajectory method. A new method is
developed for calculating the resonance fluorescence spectra from numerical
simulations. It is shown that in the case of dominant incoherent perturbation,
the stochastic noise can unexpectedly create phase correlation between the
neighboring atomic dressed states. This phase correlation is responsible for
quantum interference between the related transitions resulting in anomalous
modifications of the resonance fluorescence spectra.Comment: paper accepted for publicatio
Accelerating Neoproterozoic research through scientific drilling
No abstract available
Contributions of gluon recombination to saturation phenomena
Parton distributions in the small region are numerically predicted by
using a modified DGLAP equation with the GRV-like input distributions. We find
that gluon recombination at twist-4 level obviously suppresses the rapid growth
of parton densities with decrease. We show that before the saturation scale
is reached, saturation and partial saturation appear in the small
behavior of parton distributions in nucleus and free proton, respectively. The
antishadowing contributions to the saturation phenomena are also discussed.Comment: 23 pages, LATEX, 22 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Graphene: A Pseudochiral Fermi Liquid
Doped graphene sheets are pseudochiral two-dimensional Fermi liquids with
abnormal electron-electron interaction physics. We address graphene's Fermi
liquid properties quantitatively using a microscopic random-phase-approximation
theory and comment on the importance of using exchange-correlation potentials
based on the properties of a chiral two-dimensional electron gas in
density-functional-theory applications to graphene nanostructures.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitte
Continuous-distribution puddle model for conduction in trilayer graphene
An insulator-to-metal transition is observed in trilayer graphene based on
the temperature dependence of the resistance under different applied gate
voltages. At small gate voltages the resistance decreases with increasing
temperature due to the increase in carrier concentration resulting from thermal
excitation of electron-hole pairs. At large gate voltages excitation of
electron-hole pairs is suppressed, and the resistance increases with increasing
temperature because of the enhanced electron-phonon scattering. We find that
the simple model with overlapping conduction and valence bands, each with
quadratic dispersion relations, is unsatisfactory. Instead, we conclude that
impurities in the substrate that create local puddles of higher electron or
hole densities are responsible for the residual conductivity at low
temperatures. The best fit is obtained using a continuous distribution of
puddles. From the fit the average of the electron and hole effective masses can
be determined.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
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