An effective ant-colony based routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc network

An effective Ant-Colony based routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc network is proposed in this paper. In this routing scheme, each path is marked by path grade, which is calculated from the combination of multiple constrained QoS parameters such as the time delay, packet loss rate and bandwidth, etc. packet routing is decided by the path grade and the queue buffer length of the node. The advantage of this scheme is that it can effectively improve the packet delivery ratio and reduce the end-to-end delay. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can improve the packet delivery ratio by 9%-22% and the end-to-end delay can be reduced by 14%-16% as compared with the conventional QAODV and ARA routing schemes

Power quality disturbance detection based on mathematical morphology and fractal technique

Based on mathematical morphology and grille fractal, a novel approach on power quality disturbance detection and location is presented in this paper. At first a parallel composite morphological filter with multiple-structure elements is designed to filter the random noise and impulse noise in power quality disturbance signals. Then to the filtered curves, an easy implementation criterion for singularity detection based on the change regularity of grille fractal is proposed to locate the start and end time that disturbance occurs. The voltage sag, swell, harmonic and their combined disturbances are used to verify the validity of the proposed filter-location approach. Numerical results show that the proposed approach is valid and effective. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Research on allocation of gross electromagnetic pollution emission right in power quality markets

Management of Power Quality (PQ) suffers more pressure from economy and social equity, it is necessary to control electromagnetic pollution emitted from both electric utilities and customers. Calculation of optimal Emission Right (ER) gross and its distribution is an important content of controlling electromagnetic pollution, and it should be worked out based on cooperative game. This paper analyses game actions among all members in one Point of Common Connection (PCC) for pursuing ER and high PQ, and clarifies the highest price of ER and PQ service that is acceptable for gamers. This paper adopts uniform price sealed auction model to make gamers take the acceptable highest price of ER and PQ service as their bidding price, and PQ Supervision Department (PQSD) can make full use of their information from auction, then the calculated ER gross can satisfy Pareto optimality. That gross can maximize social integrative benefits. This auction model also proposes the Bayes Nash equilibrium for the optimal distribution of ER among all gamers. This equilibrium can optimize distribution of social and electromagnetic resource. Examples indicate that the proposed model for optimal gross and distribution of ER based on game theory is feasible and effective. © 2005 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Scalable Node-Centric Route Mutation for Defense of Large-Scale Software-Defined Networks

© 2017 Yang Zhou et al. Exploiting software-defined networking techniques, randomly and instantly mutating routes can disguise strategically important infrastructure and protect the integrity of data networks. Route mutation has been to date formulated as NP-complete constraint satisfaction problem where feasible sets of routes need to be generated with exponential computational complexities, limiting algorithmic scalability to large-scale networks. In this paper, we propose a novel node-centric route mutation method which interprets route mutation as a signature matching problem. We formulate the route mutation problem as a three-dimensional earth mover's distance (EMD) model and solve it by using a binary branch and bound method. Considering the scalability, we further propose that a heuristic method yields significantly lower computational complexities with marginal loss of robustness against eavesdropping. Simulation results show that our proposed methods can effectively disguise key infrastructure by reducing the difference of historically accumulative traffic among different switches. With significantly reduced complexities, our algorithms are of particular interest to safeguard large-scale networks

Elastic Switch Migration for Control Plane Load Balancing in SDN

© 2013 IEEE. Software-defined network (SDN) provides a solution for the scalable network framework with decoupled control and data plane. Migrating switches can balance the resource utilization of controllers and improve network performance. Switch migration problem has to date been formulated as a resource utilization maximization problem to address the scalability of the control plane. However, this problem is NP-hard with high-computational complexities and without addressing the security challenges of the control plane. In this paper, we propose a switch migration method, which interprets switch migration as a signature matching problem and is formulated as a 3-D earth mover's distance model to protect strategically important controllers in the network. Considering the scalability, we further propose a heuristic method which is time-efficient and suitable to large-scale networks. Simulation results show that our proposed methods can disguise strategically important controllers by diminishing the difference of traffic load between controllers. Moreover, our proposed methods can significantly relieve the traffic pressure of controllers and prevent saturation attacks

A Meta-analysis on diagnostic value of serum cystatin C and creatinine for the evaluation of glomerular filtration function in renal transplant patients

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to perform a systematic review on comparing the diagnostic value of serum cystatin C and creatinine for glomerular filtration rate in renal transplant patients.Methods: The data was extracted into 2×2 table after the articles were assessed by the tool of QUADAS and heterogeneity analysis. The SROC curve and meta-analysis were performed by MetaDisc1.4.Results: Meta-analysis showed that the serum cystatin C had no heterogeneity (P=0.418, I2=2.2%, DOR=25.03), while creatinine heterogeneity was high (P=0.109, I2=37.5%, DOR=9.11). The values of SEN, SPE and SAUC were calculated as 0.86, 0.70 and 0.9015 for cystatin C , and 0.78, 0.73 and 0.8285 for creatinine individually. This study utilized GFR detection and subgroups analysis by cutoff. The PLR was 6.13 and the NLR was 0.12 for cystatin C , compared to SCr (3.72, 0.32). There was homogeneity among these studies using PENIA testing for cystatin C (χ2=2.61, P=0.4560, I2=0.0%.Conclusions: There were significant correlations among cystatin C , creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cystatin C had more sensitivity but less specificity than creatinine for evaluation of GFR. Cystatin C had strong ability in diagnosing renal function after renal transplant and ruling out diagnostic efficacy.Key words: Cystatin C; creatinine; renal transplantation; glomerular filtration rate; meta-analysis

System Framework for Digital Monitoring of the Construction of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Based on IoT, BeiDou Navigation System, and 5G Technology

In the construction of asphalt pavement, poor quality is often the main reason for damage to the pavement, which necessitates the use of monitoring systems during the construction stage. Therefore, this study focuses on building an asphalt concrete pavement construction monitoring system to monitor the construction phase. Through a literature review and semi-structured interviews with industry experts, this paper provides an in-depth understanding of the goals and obstacles of asphalt pavement monitoring and discusses directions for improvement. Subsequently, based on the analysis of the interview results, a system framework for asphalt concrete pavement construction monitoring was constructed, and the system was successfully developed and applied to a highway construction project. The results show that the monitoring system significantly improves the construction quality of asphalt concrete pavement, improves the intelligent level of pavement construction management, and promotes the digital development of highway construction

A modeling approach to direct interspecies electron transfer process in anaerobic transformation of ethanol to methane

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Recent studies have shown that direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) plays an important part in contributing to methane production from anaerobic digestion. However, so far anaerobic digestion models that have been proposed only consider two pathways for methane production, namely, acetoclastic methanogenesis and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, via indirect interspecies hydrogen transfer, which lacks an effective way for incorporating DIET into this paradigm. In this work, a new mathematical model is specifically developed to describe DIET process in anaerobic digestion through introducing extracellular electron transfer as a new pathway for methane production, taking anaerobic transformation of ethanol to methane as an example. The developed model was able to successfully predict experimental data on methane dynamics under different experimental conditions, supporting the validity of the developed model. Modeling predictions clearly demonstrated that DIET plays an important role in contributing to overall methane production (up to 33 %) and conductive material (i.e., carbon cloth) addition would significantly promote DIET through increasing ethanol conversion rate and methane production rate. The model developed in this work will potentially enhance our current understanding on syntrophic metabolism via DIET