CIF-T: A Novel CIF-based Transducer Architecture for Automatic Speech Recognition

RNN-T models are widely used in ASR, which rely on the RNN-T loss to achieve length alignment between input audio and target sequence. However, the implementation complexity and the alignment-based optimization target of RNN-T loss lead to computational redundancy and a reduced role for predictor network, respectively. In this paper, we propose a novel model named CIF-Transducer (CIF-T) which incorporates the Continuous Integrate-and-Fire (CIF) mechanism with the RNN-T model to achieve efficient alignment. In this way, the RNN-T loss is abandoned, thus bringing a computational reduction and allowing the predictor network a more significant role. We also introduce Funnel-CIF, Context Blocks, Unified Gating and Bilinear Pooling joint network, and auxiliary training strategy to further improve performance. Experiments on the 178-hour AISHELL-1 and 10000-hour WenetSpeech datasets show that CIF-T achieves state-of-the-art results with lower computational overhead compared to RNN-T models.Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 202

A KINETIC STUDY ON THE MOVEMENT OF YEMAFENZONG IN TAIJIQUAN

INTRODUCTION: Taijiquan actions are required to be steady, smooth and continuous. A detailed kinetic analysis was chosen in order to provide clarification of these features. For this study, the movement of Yemafenzong was analyzed and some significant results were obtained

Magnetic Evolution and Temperature Variation in a Coronal Hole

We have explored the magnetic flux evolution and temperature variation in a coronal-hole region, using Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) deep magnetograms and {\it SOHO}/EIT images observed from 2005 October 10 to 14. For comparison, we also investigated a neighboring quiet region of the Sun. The coronal hole evolved from its mature stage to its disappearance during the observing period. We have obtained the following results: (1) When the coronal hole was well developed on October 10, about 60 % of the magnetic flux was positive. The EUV brightness was 420 counts pixel$^{-1}$, and the coronal temperature, estimated from the line ratio of the EIT 195 {\AA} and 171 {\AA} images, was 1.07 MK. (2) On October 14, when the coronal hole had almost disappeared, 51 % of the magnetic flux was positive, the EUV radiance was 530 counts pixel$^{-1}$, and the temperature was 1.10 MK. (3) In the neighboring quiet region, the fraction of positive flux varied between 0.49 and 0.47. The EUV brightness displayed an irregular variation, with a mean value of 870 counts pixel$^{-1}$. The temperature was almost constant at 1.11 MK during the five-day observation. Our results demonstrate that in a coronal hole less imbalance of the magnetic flux in opposite polarities leads to stronger EUV brightness and higher coronal temperatures

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Conjugate Heat Transfer of Electrothermal Deicing Process

A novel 3-D unsteady model of in-flight electrothermal deicing process is presented in this paper to simulate the conjugate mass and heat transfer phenomena of water film runback, phase change, and solid heat conduction. Mathematical models of water film runback and phase change are established and solved by means of a loosely coupled method. At the current time step, solid heat conduction, water film runback, and phase change are iteratively solved until the heat boundary condition reaches convergence, then the temperature distribution and ice shape at the moment are obtained, and the calculation of the next time step begins subsequently. A deicing process is numerically simulated using the present model following an icing tunnel experiment, and the results match well with those in the literatures, which validate the present model. Then, an in-flight deicing process is numerically studied to analyze the effect of heating sequence

Relations of stellar mass between electron temperature-based metallicity of star-forming galaxies in a wide mass range

We select 947 star-forming galaxies from SDSS-DR7 with [O~{\sc iii}]$\lambda$4363 emission lines detected at a signal-to-noise {ratio }larger than 5$\sigma$. Their electron temperatures and direct oxygen abundances are {then }determined. {W}e compare the results from different methods. $t_2${, the} electron temperature in {the }low ionization region{,} estimated from $t_3${, that} in {the }high ionization region{,} {is} compared {using} three analysis relations between $t_2-t_3${. These} show obvious differences, which result in some different ionic oxygen abundances. The results of $t_3$, $t_2$, {$\rm O^{++}$/$\rm H^+$} and {$\rm O^{+}$/$\rm H^+$} derived by using methods from IRAF and literature are also compared. The ionic abundances $\rm O^{++}$/$\rm H^+$ {are} higher than $\rm O^{+}$/$\rm H^+$ for most cases. The{ different} oxygen abundances derived from $T_{\rm e}$ and the strong-line ratios show {a }clear discrepancy, which is more obvious following increasing stellar mass and strong-line ratio $R_{23}$. The sample{ of} galaxies from SDSS {with} detected [O~{\sc iii}]$\lambda$4363 have lower metallicites and higher {star formation rates}, {so} they may not be typical representatives of the whole{ population of} galaxies. Adopting data objects from {Andrews \& Martini}, {Liang et al.} and {Lee et al.} data, we derive new relations of stellar mass and metallicity for star-forming galaxies in a much wider stellar mass range: from $10^6\,M_\odot$ to $10^{11}\,M_\odot$.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, Accepted by Research in Astronomy and Astrophysic

The properties of horizontal magnetic elements in quiet solar intranetwork

Using the data observed by the Solar Optical Telescope/Spectro-Polarimeter aboard the Hinode satellite, the horizontal and vertical fields are derived from the wavelength-integrated measures of Zeeman-induced linear and circular polarizations. The quiet intranetwork regions are pervaded by horizontal magnetic elements. We categorize the horizontal intranetwork magnetic elements into two types: one is the non-isolated element which is accompanied by the vertical magnetic elements during its evolution; another is the isolated element which is not accompanied by the vertical magnetic elements. We identify 446 horizontal intranetwork magnetic elements, among them 87 elements are isolated and 359 are non-isolated. Quantitative measurements reveal that the isolated elements have relatively weaker horizontal magnetic fields, almost equal size, and shorter lifetime comparing with the non-isolated elements. Most non-isolated horizontal intranetwork magnetic elements are identified to associate with the emergence of Omega-shaped flux loops. A few non-isolated elements seem to indicate scenarios of submergence of Omega loops or emergence of U-like loops. There is a positive correlation between the lifetime and the size for both the isolated and non-isolated HIFs. It is also found that there is also positive correlation between the lifetime and the magnetic flux density for non-isolated HIFs, but no correlation for isolated HIFs. Even though the horizontal elements show lower magnetic flux density, they could carry the total magnetic flux in the order of magnitude close to 10^25 Mx to the solar surface each day.Comment: 10 figures, 25 pages. ApJ, in pres

Time Course Transcriptomic Study Reveals the Gene Regulation During Liver Development and the Correlation With Abdominal Fat Weight in Chicken

Background: The liver is the central metabolic organ of animals. In chicken, knowledge on the relationship between gene expression in the liver and fat deposition during development is still limited. A time-course transcriptomic study from the embryonic (day 12) to the egg-producing period (day 180 after hatch) was performed to profile slow-growing meat type chicken liver gene expression and to investigate its correlation with abdominal fat deposition.Results: The transcriptome profiles showed a separation of the different developmental stages. In total, 13,096 genes were ubiquitously expressed at all the tested developmental stages. The analysis of differentially expressed genes between adjacent developmental stages showed that biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway was enriched from day 21 to day 140 after hatch. The correlation between liver gene expression and the trait abdominal fat weight (AFW) was analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The genes MFGE8, HHLA1, CKAP2, and ACSBG2 were identified as hub genes in AFW positively correlated modules, which suggested important roles of these genes in the lipid metabolism in chicken liver.Conclusion: Our results provided a resource of developmental transcriptome profiles in chicken liver and suggested that the gene ACSBG2 among other detected genes can be used as a candidate gene for selecting low AFW chickens

Experimental study of curvature effects on jet impingement heat transfer on concave surfaces

Experimental study of the local and average heat transfer characteristics of a single round jet impinging on the concave surfaces was conducted in this work to gain in-depth knowledge of the curvature effects. The experiments were conducted by employing a piccolo tube with one single jet hole over a wide range of parameters: jet Reynolds number from 27,000 to 130,000, relative nozzle to surface distance from 3.3 to 30, and relative surface curvature from 0.005 to 0.030. Experimental results indicate that the surface curvature has opposite effects on heat transfer characteristics. On one hand, an increase of relative nozzle to surface distance (increasing jet diameter in fact) enhances the average heat transfer around the surface for the same curved surface. On the other hand, the average Nusselt number decreases as relative nozzle to surface distance increases for a fixed jet diameter. Finally, experimental data-based correlations of the average Nusselt number over the curved surface were obtained with consideration of surface curvature effect. This work contributes to a better understanding of the curvature effects on heat transfer of a round jet impingement on concave surfaces, which is of high importance to the design of the aircraft anti-icing system