RNASEL and MIR146A SNP-SNP Interaction as a Susceptibility Factor for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Immunity and inflammatory pathways are important in the genesis of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Functional genetic variation in immune modulators has the potential to affect disease etiology. We investigated associations between common variants in two key regulators, MIR146A and RNASEL, and their relation to NMSCs. Using a large population-based case-control study of basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we investigated the impact of MIR146A SNP rs2910164 on cancer risk, and interaction with a SNP in one of its putative targets (RNASEL, rs486907). To examine associations between genotype and BCC and SCC, occurrence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, accounting for multiple confounding factors. We did not observe an overall change in the odds ratios for SCC or BCC among individuals carrying either of the RNASEL or MIR146A variants compared with those who were wild type at these loci. However, there was a sex-specific association between BCC and MIR146A in women (ORGC = 0.73, [95%CI = 0.52–1.03]; ORCC = 0.29, [95% CI = 0.14–0.61], p-trend\u3c0.001), and a reduction in risk, albeit not statistically significant, associated with RNASEL and SCC in men (ORAG = 0.88, [95%CI = 0.65–1.19]; ORAA = 0.68, [95%CI = 0.43–1.08], p-trend = 0.10). Most striking was the strong interaction between the two genes. Among individuals carrying variant alleles of both rs2910164 and rs486907, we observed inverse relationships with SCC (ORSCC = 0.56, [95%CI = 0.38–0.81], p-interaction = 0.012) and BCC (ORBCC = 0.57, [95%CI = 0.40–0.80], p-interaction = 0.005). Our results suggest that genetic variation in immune and inflammatory regulators may influence susceptibility to NMSC, and novel SNP-SNP interaction for a microRNA and its target. These data suggest that RNASEL, an enzyme involved in RNA turnover, is controlled by miR-146a and may be important in NMSC etiology

Genus β human papillomaviruses and incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of skin: population based case-control study

Objective To investigate the association between genus β human papillomaviruses and the incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer in the general population

Analysis and Reduction of On-Load DC Winding Induced Voltage in Wound Field Switched Flux Machines

DC winding induced voltage pulsation in wound field switched flux (WFSF) machines causes dc winding current ripple and field excitation fluctuation, challenges the dc power source, and deteriorates the control performance. Hence, reducing this pulsation is important in the design of a WFSF machine. In this paper, based on the analytical models, rotor skewing and rotor iron piece pairing are proposed and comparatively investigated by the finite-element (FE) method to reduce the on-load dc winding induced voltage in WFSF machines having partitioned stators and concentrated ac windings. FE results show that peak-to-peak value of the on-load dc winding induced voltage in the analyzed 12/10-pole partitioned stator WFSF (PS-WFSF) machines can be reduced by 78.42% or 77.16% by using rotor skewing or rotor pairing, respectively, while the torque density can be maintained by &gt;90%. As for the 12/11-, 12/13-, and 12/14-pole PS-WFSF machines, by using rotor iron piece inner arc pairing, the on-load dc winding induced voltage can be reduced by 64.11%, 52.12%, and 76.49%, respectively, while the torque density can be maintained by more than 90%. Prototypes are built and tested to verify the analytical and FE results.</p

Main effects of <i>RNASEL</i> rs486907 and <i>MIR146A</i> rs2910164 genotypes on non-melanoma skin cancer risk stratified by sex.

<p>*Adjusted for age, level of education, cigarette smoking status 1 year before the reference date (for SCC only), skin sensitivity (measured by skin reaction after 1 hour of sun exposure the first time in the summer), and the number of lifetime painful sunburns.</p>#<p>Trend for any variant allele.</p

Gene-gene interaction of <i>RNASEL</i> and <i>MIR146A</i> in relation to non-melanoma skin cancer risk.

<p>*Adjusted for age, sex, level of education, cigarette smoking status 1 year before the reference date (for SCC only), skin sensitivity (measured by skin reaction after 1 hour of sun exposure the first time in the summer), and the number of lifetime painful sunburns.</p

Characteristics of Participants in New Hampshire Skin Study^*.

<p>*Numbers may not sum to the overall total due to missing data. Two individuals were missing education information, one was missing smoking, three were missing skin sensitivity and twenty-six were missing information about lifetime sunburns. They were excluded from analyses.</p>†<p>Sun sensitivity was defined as the reaction to 1 hour of sun exposure the first time in the summer.</p

Main effects of <i>RNASEL</i> rs486907 and <i>MIR146A</i> rs2910164 genotypes on non-melanoma skin cancer risk.

<p>*Adjusted for age, sex, level of education, cigarette smoking status 1 year before the reference date (for SCC only), skin sensitivity (measured by skin reaction after 1 hour of sun exposure the first time in the summer) and the number of lifetime painful sunburns.</p>#<p>Trend for any variant allele.</p