Study on the Basic Constitution Form of Shandong Dwellings

With long history and rich connotation, Shandong dwelling is an organic component of Chinese traditional dwelling culture. However, influenced by factors such as geographical conditions, history, culture, manners and customs，Shandong dwellings have their different local cultural characteristics in structural layout, building materials and architectural style. This thesis studies the basic constitutional form of Shandong dwellings. And with rich materials gained from the field study and investigation, it systemizes, analyzes and studies the basic constitutional form of Shandong dwellings from the aspect of the village and messuage, gate and screen wall, living room and layout. This study is of great realistic significance for studying and protecting Shandong dwelling culture in different historical period

Teaching Research on Urban Landscape Design in Chinese Institutions of Higher Education

As a comprehensive discipline of art and design intersecting crossing multiple disciplines, the urban landscape design in institutions of higher learning is an application discipline integrating art, science, engineering technology and many other disciplines, with main contents covering the art and design of various visual things in cities and spatial organization around cities. The discipline plays a positive role in promoting the improvement of urban environment, maintaining of ecological balance, and assurance of the sound and sustainable development of cities. In addition, the rapid development of information industry brings great changes to the development of teaching research, design ideas, engineering technology and other disciplines related to urban landscape design

Application of Plants in Chinese Garden Landscape

Landscaping with plants as the basic materials creates an art space that is integrated with the surrounding environment through art processing and design techniques, giving full play to the beauty of the plants themselves and the beauty of rocks and water in form and function. Fully understanding the role of plants in creating the garden space landscape is the premise for good landscape designs. Rational use of plants as landscaping materials can bring about great landscaping effects in poetic and cultural prospect

Application of Traditional Chinese Gardening Elements in Modern Garden Design

With the deepening of China urbanization, continuing expansion of the urban area and increase of population density, people cling more to the natural environment and landscape, pursue harmony with nature and hope to beautify and improve their living environment by landscape planning and design. Culture and leisure needs and individual pursuit of gardens have become an important part of urban life. Traditional Chinese garden is the epitome and precipitation of traditional culture, and its functions and beauty are implemented and demonstrated through the flexible use of various elements of gardening. In modern garden design, how to use high-tech tools and new artistic handling of these elements of the traditional Chinese garden to achieve the harmony of the natural landscape and cultural landscape has become the focus of the Chinese government at all levels and the public’s concern. This paper outlines the gardening features of traditional Chinese garden and analyses the characteristics of four basic gardening elements of traditional Chinese garden: architecture, waterscape, plants and rocks. Based on the analysis, it discusses how to use the traditional elements in modern garden design to design modern garden scenery which conforms to city culture and scenery characteristics, which not only embody the cultural heritage but also interpret the modern scenery garden design concept that gets rids of the stale and brings forth the fresh

Research on Beautiful Countryside Construction in China: Taking Shandong Province as an Example

With the rapid development of China’s urbanization, some problems needing to be taken seriously occur, one of which is that poor protection of traditional village culture and traditional architectural culture and lack of regional characteristics in some countryside constructions. Taking the beautiful countryside construction in Shandong Province as an example, this paper analyzes and summarizes the relationship between the countryside dwellings in Shandong Province and various influence factors from the perspectives of history and current status of countryside dwellings in various places of Shandong Province, proposes a more scientific division method for distribution areas of countryside dwellings in Shandong Province, summarizes different regional characteristics of countryside dwellings in various places of Shandong Province and comes up with the new idea about the beautiful and livable countryside construction in various places of Shandong Province as per geographical environment and cultural custom. Aimed at the regional characteristics of various places in Shandong Province, this paper points out that how to carry out the principle of “ecological civilization, green and low-carbon, cultural inheritance and characteristics demonstration” in the process of beautiful and livable countryside construction and puts forward the feasible planning, construction and protective measures. All abovementioned contents proposed in this paper have the important application value and practical significance for researching and protecting the regional characteristics in the countryside of Shandong Province and promoting the beautiful countryside construction. In the meantime, all abovementioned contents provide the basis for research and protection of regional characteristics of the countryside and dwellings in Shandong Province and the new thought for inheritance of urban and rural traditional culture and beautiful countryside construction in China

Contextual interactions determine whether the Drosophila homeodomain protein, Vnd, acts as a repressor or activator

At the molecular level, members of the NKx2.2 family of transcription factors establish neural compartment boundaries by repressing the expression of homeobox genes specific for adjacent domains [Muhr et al. (2001) Cell, 104, 861–873; Weiss et al. (1998) Genes Dev., 12, 3591–3602]. The Drosophila homologue, vnd, interacts genetically with the high-mobility group protein, Dichaete, in a manner suggesting co-operative activation [Zhao and Skeath (2002) Development, 129, 1165–1174]. However, evidence for direct interactions and transcriptional activation is lacking. Here, we present molecular evidence for the interaction of Vnd and Dichaete that leads to the activation of target gene expression. Two-hybrid interaction assays indicate that Dichaete binds the Vnd homeodomain, and additional Vnd sequences stabilize this interaction. In addition, Vnd has two activation domains that are typically masked in the intact protein. Whether vnd can activate or repress transcription is context-dependent. Full-length Vnd, when expressed as a Gal4 fusion protein, acts as a repressor containing multiple repression domains. A divergent domain in the N-terminus, not found in vertebrate Vnd-like proteins, causes the strongest repression. The co-repressor, Groucho, enhances Vnd repression, and these two proteins physically interact. The data presented indicate that the activation and repression domains of Vnd are complex, and whether Vnd functions as a transcriptional repressor or activator depends on both intra- and inter-molecular interactions

MiR-489 serves as a tumor inhibitor in pituitary prolactinoma targeting p21-activated kinase 3

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of microRNA-489 (miR-489) on pituitary prolactinoma and its mechanisms of action. Methods: MMQ and GH3 cells were transfected with miR-489, cell viability assessed with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and clone spots was evaluated by colony formation assay. Transwell assay was applied to measure cell migration and invasion while TargetScan was employed to the presumed targets of miR-489, followed by luciferase reporter assays. was MiR-489 and p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) gene expression were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR. Protein levels of PAK3 were measured using western blots. Results: Transfection significantly increased miRNA-489 levels (p < 0.01). Cell viability, number of clone spots, as well as cell migration and invasion diminished in MMQ and GH3 cells following miR-489 transfection when compared to miR-NC mimic group (p < 0.01). The presumed binding site of miRNA- 489 was located in 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of PAK3, and miR-489 transfection repressed luciferase activity with the wild-type 3′-UTR (p < 0.05). In addition, miR-489 decreased PAK3 levels in MMQ and GH3 cells. Knockdown of PAK3 significantly suppressed cell viability, clone formation ability, as well as cell migration and invasion when compared to negative control (p < 0.01). Conclusion: MiR-489 overexpression suppresses pituitary prolactinoma by targeting PAK3, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of pituitary prolactinoma

Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction Is Associated with Common Bile Duct Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Objective. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of gallbladder carcinoma. However, the relationship between PBM and common bile duct carcinoma (CBDC) remains unclear. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the available evidence on the association between PBM and CBDC. Methods. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to estimate the effects. Results. A total of eight case-control studies and two cohort studies were identified. The incidence of PBM was higher in CBDC patients than in controls (OR=1.45; 95% CI, 1.19–1.76). Compared with patients without PBM, CBDC patients with PBM were younger at the diagnosis age (SMD=−0.46; 95% CI, −0.64 to −0.28). A difference in the incidence of associated CDC was found between CBDC patients with or without PBM (OR=2.14; 95% CI, 1.60–2.87). Conclusions. Compared with benign biliary tract diseases, the incidence of PBM was higher in CBDC patients, especially in relatively young patients. We also found that the incidence of CDC was higher in CBDC patients with PBM. These findings showed positive association between PBM and CBDC, which may help in identifying high-risk individuals