Multiple job holding in the United Kingdom: evidence from the Bristish household panel survey

This paper examines the determinants of multiple job holding in the United Kingdom. We address these issues using data from the first eleven waves of the British Household Panel Survey, which covered the period from 1991 to 2001. Evidence from the BHPS does not support the hypotheses of main job hours constrained and main job insecurity. We argue that the incentive for moonlighting in the United Kingdom is due to financial pressures and the desire for heterogeneous jobs. The empirical work is carried out separately for men and women.Moonlighting, Labour supply, Tobit model, Job satisfaction, the BHPS

Debts on debts

This paper studies the impact of mortgages on consumer debt and on debt on durable goods. We first present a stylized model in which an outstanding debt, representing mortgages, affects positively consumer debt, and debt on durable goods. The model is empirically tested for the U.S. using PSID 2005 wave. Our results are striking. First, we find strong evidence supporting a positive association between mortgage loans and consumer debts, regardless of the measures used, the control variables used, and the methods used. Second, we find that the effects of mortgages on the debt on durable goods are in general smaller than the effects of mortgages on consumer debt. Third, our distributional analysis reveals that the effects monotonically decrease as the quantile increases. Finally, our results are also confirmed by the results using the U.K. data.Consumer expenditure, housing, credit, censored regressions

Work, Inequality, and the Dual Career Household

Dual career households have the potential to be the most egalitarian of all households. However, while paid work is increasingly distributed evenly between career men and women, household time remains a social constraint for many women. This paper considers the distribution of work among dual career households, using weekly time-use trends, reflecting on the fit of household models and the effectiveness of current work-focused policy. Descriptive analysis, random-effects probit regression, and case households provide an empirical focus on a post-industrial economy - the UK - using the 1993-2009 British Household Panel Survey. Long hours, especially overtime, persist in managerial and professional occupations. Meanwhile, housework burdens women with up to fourteen hours of additional work per week. Preferences for shorter hours remain greater among women, reflecting the impact of household time on paid work. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that the distribution of household labor renders dual career households less than egalitarian.Dual career households, time-use, equality, work-time, household time

New ionic dinuclear Ir(III) Schiff base complexes with aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE)

Two new ionic dinuclear Ir(III) Schiff base complexes which are straightforward to synthesise have luminescence quantum yields as high as 37% in neat films. These are the first examples of dinuclear ionic Ir(III) complexes that display aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE)

Microstructures and Toughening of TiC-TiB 2

Micro-nanocrystalline microstructures which are characterized by TiB2 platelets of the average thickness close to or smaller than 1 μm can be achieved in nearly full-density solidified TiC-TiB2 ceramic composites with Cr-based alloy phases by combustion synthesis in ultra-high gravity field of 2500 g. The filler phases in ceramic composites are actually Cr-based alloy with a little solidified solution of Ni atoms and Al atoms. The hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the materials are 18.5 ± 1.5 GPa, 650 ± 35 MPa, and 16.5 ± 1.5 MPa⋅m0.5, respectively. The improved fracture toughness of TiC-TiB2 ceramic composites results from crack deflection, crack bridging, and pull-out by a large number of fine TiB2 platelets and plastic deformation with some Cr-based alloy phases

Distinct biogeographic patterns for archaea, bacteria, and fungi along the vegetation gradient at the continental scale in Eastern China

© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in mSystems 2 (2017): e00174-16, doi:10.1128/mSystems.00174-16.The natural forest ecosystem in Eastern China, from tropical forest to boreal forest, has declined due to cropland development during the last 300 years, yet little is known about the historical biogeographic patterns and driving processes for the major domains of microorganisms along this continental-scale natural vegetation gradient. We predicted the biogeographic patterns of soil archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities across 110 natural forest sites along a transect across four vegetation zones in Eastern China. The distance decay relationships demonstrated the distinct biogeographic patterns of archaeal, bacterial, and fungal communities. While historical processes mainly influenced bacterial community variations, spatially autocorrelated environmental variables mainly influenced the fungal community. Archaea did not display a distance decay pattern along the vegetation gradient. Bacterial community diversity and structure were correlated with the ratio of acid oxalate-soluble Fe to free Fe oxides (Feo/Fed ratio). Fungal community diversity and structure were influenced by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and free aluminum (Ald), respectively. The role of these environmental variables was confirmed by the correlations between dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and edaphic variables. However, most of the dominant OTUs were not correlated with the major driving variables for the entire communities. These results demonstrate that soil archaea, bacteria, and fungi have different biogeographic patterns and driving processes along this continental-scale natural vegetation gradient, implying different community assembly mechanisms and ecological functions for archaea, bacteria, and fungi in soil ecosystems.This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 41520104001), the 111 Project, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Paleomagnetism and electron microscopy of the Emeishan Basalts, Yunnan, China

Many normal and a few reversed characteristic directions of magnetization have been obtained by predominantly thermal demagnetization from ten sites of the Late Permian Emeishan Basalts collected near Kunming, Yunnan Province. The normal magnetization directions pass a fold test at the 99% confidence level and yield declination/inclination = 26[deg]/-12[deg], k = 46, [alpha]95 = 6[deg] and a paleopole at 50[deg]N, 241[deg]E. However, the reversed-polarity directions, with declination/inclination at 244[deg] / + 3[deg] are not antipodal to the normal ones, which is also noted in other studies of the Emeishan Basalts of the Yangtze Paraplatform of the South China Block. Speculations about the cause of this lack of antipodality center on: 1. (1) local relative rotations.2. (2) incomplete demagnetization.3. (3) unusually large non-dipole fields, secular variation or asymmetric reversals in the Late Permian.4. (4) errors in sample orientation.5. (5) later remagnetization represented by one or the other polarity group. The first two causes are ruled out by our observations, and the third cannot be tested with data from China alone but is unlikely because it has not been observed elsewhere. Errors in sample orientation may be present in those studies that used a magnetic compass, because sample intensities of magnetization are on the high side. However, for the normal-polarity directions, a solar compass has been used in some of the studies and all normal-polarity directions observed in the area are in agreement. Thus, sample orientation errors can be invoked only for the reversed-polarity directions. In order to test cause (5), we have examined the magnetic carriers in eight samples with scanning electron microscopy. Titanium-poor to titanium-rich magnetite, commonly cruciform in crystal habit, indicates primary igneous crystallization in two samples that have NE and WSW declinations. In contrast, six normal-polarity samples with NNE declinations show pervasive replacement of original titanomagnetite by titanium-free magnetite and sphene, indicating a high degree of alteration. We ascribe this alteration to late hydrothermal circulation and argue that it has caused remagnetization in post-Permian times. This study suggests, therefore, that the NE-SW directions are more likely to be representative of the Late Permian paleomagnetic field than the NNE directions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30785/1/0000438.pd