B2C E-commerce Logistic channel structure in China

The B2C e-commerce is fast developed in China, but the logistic activities are relatively lagged behind. So many of the B2C ecommerce corporations choose to run the logistic service on their own. The advantages and disadvantages of carrying on self-built logistic service are discussed. The research is to illustrate the choice of B2C corporations to carry on logistics service in China and to show the reason why choosing tree topology logistic network could be cost saving

Carbon Emission Cost Affects Location Decision: CO2 Efficient Area Yields to the Less Efficient

Due to the global warming problem, it is more urgent than ever to take carbon emission problem seriously. It is needed to take carbon emission cost into consideration. Gravity method is used to do location selection. Three aspects of work have been done. First, the carbon emission cost of a certain kind of truck is calculated. Second, the comparison between considering and not considering carbon emission is done. Third, a distance parameter is added to transfer straight-line distance to real distance. The research gets the result in two cases: case 1 single mode transportation tools are used, the best site has no changes with total cost rising case 2 multi-mode transportation tools are used, the best site coordination has changed with cost rising in general except extraordinary case. At the end, we show the application of the model. The carbon emission cost affects the location modeling, the cost like carbon dioxide tax will drive the location center to move a little bit in the direction of the CO2 efficient area towards less efficient area.nbs

Hypoxic stress induces, but cannot sustain trophoblast stem cell differentiation to labyrinthine placenta due to mitochondrial insufficiency

Dysfunctional stem cell differentiation into placental lineages is associated with gestational diseases. Of the differentiated lineages available to trophoblast stem cells (TSC), elevated O2 and mitochondrial function are necessary to placental lineages at the maternal–placental surface and important in the etiology of preeclampsia. TSC lineage imbalance leads to embryonic failure during uterine implantation. Stress at implantation exacerbates stem cell depletion by decreasing proliferation and increasing differentiation. In an implantation site O2 is normally ~ 2%. In culture, exposure to 2% O2 and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) enabled the highest mouse TSC multipotency and proliferation. In contrast, hypoxic stress (0.5% O2) initiated the most TSC differentiation after 24 h despite exposure to FGF4. However, hypoxic stress supported differentiation poorly after 4–7 days, despite FGF4 removal. At all tested O2 levels, FGF4 maintained Warburg metabolism; mitochondrial inactivity and aerobic glycolysis. However, hypoxic stress suppressed mitochondrial membrane potential and maintained low mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (oxidative phosphorylation/OxPhos), and high pyruvate kinase M2 (glycolysis) despite FGF4 removal. Inhibiting OxPhos inhibited optimum differentiation at 20% O2. Moreover, adding differentiation-inducing hyperosmolar stress failed to induce differentiation during hypoxia. Thus, differentiation depended on OxPhos at 20% O2; hypoxic and hyperosmolar stresses did not induce differentiation at 0.5% O2. Hypoxia-limited differentiation and mitochondrial inhibition and activation suggest that differentiation into two lineages of the labyrinthine placenta requires O2 \u3e 0.5–2% and mitochondrial function. Stress-activated protein kinase increases an early lineage and suppresses later lineages in proportion to the deviation from optimal O2 for multipotency, thus it is the first enzyme reported to prioritize differentiation

Relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement sensitivity to membrane Cho phospholipids

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155956/1/mrm28258_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155956/2/mrm28258.pd

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

Characterization of Soil Humic Acids Extracted by Tributyl Phosphate

A procedure for extracting humic acid from soils using tributyl phosphate (TBP) is described. Humic acids were isolated from a cultivated Minnesota garden (MG) soil (Aquic Haploborolls) and the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) reference soil (Aquic Argindolls), and were characterized with respect to their elemental compositions, acidic functional group contents, and IR and C-13 NMR spectra. These characteristics are compared to those of the humic acids isolated from the· same soils by the methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK) method and traditional alkali extraction procedure. The effectiveness of TBP as an extraction solvent for humic acid was comparable to that of the traditional alkali extraction method. The TSP humic acid exhibited a lower N content, higher P content and higher acidic functional group content than either of the other two humic acids isolated from the same soil. Reasons for these differences are discussed

Tsunami Loading on Coastal Infrastructure

The safety of coastal infrastructure has been a concern after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and the Great East Japan Tsunami in 2011. The western coast of the United States is also exposed to tsunami hazards due to the Cascadia subduction zone. Therefore, it is critical to design coastal infrastructure, bridges and buildings in particular, for tsunami loading. After a tsunami event, coastal bridges are critical to the transportation in securing the evacuation of people, sending equipment to destroyed area, and reconstructing essential facilities. However, general loading equations to design bridges are not available. Although loading equations for buildings are available, current research on tsunami loading on buildings is based on the assumption that buildings are rigid. To refine tsunami loading equations and investigate mitigation strategies, it is necessary to use numerical simulation in addition to experiments. An all-encompassing source-to-bridge simulation to determine bridge forces is not realistic due to the different scales between ocean shallow wave flow and localized bridge geometry. Thus, it is desirable to have an efficient approach to impart a wave of given height and velocity on a bridge model. In this research, a simplified numerical tsunami bore is proposed and validated. In order to provide enough samples to generate loading equations, the simplified bore is used to test bridge scenarios with different wave heights, bridge to standing water level (SWL) clearance and bridge configuration. In turn, loading equations on bridges are proposed with empirical coefficients. Good prediction of the tsunami loading equations to numerical bridge simulations is observed. Other factors that affect the tsunami loading on bridges such as superelevation, rail, and inclined surface of the bridge are considered as extra coefficients applied to the loading equations. To further examine the role of structural flexibility, a two-story flexible building model is tested with different inundation height and imparted with broken solitary waves while inundated in the OSU wave flume laboratory. It is found that as the inundation height increases, the fundamental period and damping ratio of the structure increases

Effect of Surface Topography and Structural Parameters on the Lubrication Performance of a Water-Lubricated Bearing: Theoretical and Experimental Study

This study explored the influence of the surface topography of a bushing on the lubrication performance of a water-lubricated bearing. Bushing deformations were considered in the mathematical model. Theoretical calculations and experiments were performed. The test data corresponded well with the simulation. The main stiffness and cross stiffness coefficients were measured and compared with the theoretical values, and the empirical formula of friction coefficient was fitted based on the test data