Suzaku View of the Neutron Star in the Dipping Source 4U 1822−-37

The dipping X-ray source 4U 1822$-$37 was observed by Suzaku on 2006 Octrober 20 for a net exposure of 37 ks. The source was detected with the XIS at a 1-10 keV flux of 5.5$\times10^{-10}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, and with the HXD (HXD-PIN) at a 10-50 keV flux of 8.9$\times10^{-10}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. With HXD-PIN, the pulsation was detected at a barycentric period of 0.592437 s, and its change rate was reconfirmed as $-2.43\times$10$^{-12}$ s s$^{-1}$. The 1-50 keV spectra of 4U 1822-37 were found to be very similar to those of Her X-1 in the slopes, cutoff and iron lines. Three iron lines (Fe K$\alpha$, Fe XXV, and Fe XXVI) were detected, on top of a 1-50 keV continuum that is described by an NPEX model plus a soft blackbody. In addition, a cyclotron resonance scattering feature was detected significantly ($>99\%$ confidence), at an energy of 33$\pm$2 keV with a depth of 0.4$^{+0.6}_{-0.3}$. Therefore, the neutron star in this source is concluded to have a strong magnetic field of 2.8$\times10^{12}$ G. Further assuming that the source has a relatively high intrinsic luminosity of several times 10$^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$, its spectral and timing properties are consistently explained

A Study of the Relationship Between Teachers’ Self-Directed Leadership and Their Job Satisfaction in a Private School in Ayutthaya

This study aimed to identify the relationship between teachers’ self-directed leadership and their job satisfaction in the selected private school in Ayutthaya, Thailand. This study was conducted in a selected private school in the school year of 2019-2020. This study utilized the Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire (RSLQ) developed from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, and the teachers’ job satisfaction questionnaire based on Herzberg’s Motivation-hygiene Theory. The questionnaires were translated into Thai language and distributed to 63 full-time teachers in the selected school with 100% return rate. Descriptive Statistics Mean and standard deviation, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the collected data. The results of this study showed that the levels of teachers’ self-directed leadership and teachers’ job satisfaction in this selected school were “High”. Moreover, this study also found there was a significant relationship between teachers’ self-directed leadership and their job satisfaction in the selected school in Ayutthaya

A note on the weak tracial Rokhlin property for finite group actions on simple unital C*-algebras

In this paper, we show that one of the conditions in the definition of weak tracial Rokhlin property for finite group actions on simple unital C*-algebras can be replaced by a seemingly weaker condition, or a seemingly stronger condition. As a corollary, this condition is redundant whenever the C*-algebra is not purely infinite. We also give a sufficient condition for the weak tracial Rokhlin property for finite group actions on simple unital C*-algebras to imply the tracial Rokhlin property.Comment: 14page

The struggle for chicano/latino studies. Evolution and development in California

Entre los años 60 y 70, los estudios latinos y chicanos fueron promovidos al más alto nivel académico. El sociólogo italiano Gino Germani había argumentado que los latinos en los Estados Unidos estaban condicionados por la situación sociocultural y la personalidad social básica de la cultura estadounidense. Este artículo estudia la identidad social latinoamericana básica en California que influyó en la creación de los Departamentos y programas de estudios latinos y chicanos. Es en el interés del artículo analizar los tres tipos de Departamentos descritos por el Profesor Pedro Cabán en respuesta a un desarrollo de identidad cultural latina básica en California. El artículo se divide en tres secciones diferentes: la evolución de los Estudios latinos/chicanos, los problemas migratorios y educativos de la comunidad latina en los Estados Unidos, y finalmente una división de los Departamentos y Programas en las Universidades y Colegios de California donde se estudian temas relacionados con la comunidad latina y chicana en los Estados Unidos.Between the 1960s and 1970s Latino/Chicano studies were encouraged at the highest academic level. Italian sociologist Gino Germani had argued that Latinos in the United States were conditioned by the socio-cultural situation and the basic social personality of American culture. This article studies the basic Latin American social identity in California which influenced the creation of Departments and programs of Latino/Chicano Studies. It is in the interest of the article analyze the three types of Departments described by Professor Pedro Cabán in respond to a development of the basic Latino identity in California. The article is divided in three different sections: the evolution of Latino/ Chicano studies; the immigration and educational issues of the Latino community in the United States and finally a division of the Departments and Programs in the Universities and Colleges of California where they study subjects related to the Latin/Chicano community in the United States