22.運動負荷時の血小板機能とヘモレオロジー(第636回千葉医学会例会・第3回千葉大学第三内科懇話会)

Additional file 2. Changes of residual nitrate concentration during the experiments

Synthesis of Novel <i>α</i>-Trifluorothioanisole Derivatives Containing Phenylpyridine Moieties with Herbicidal Activity

To discover novel herbicidal compounds with favorable activity, a range of phenylpyridine-moiety-containing α-trifluorothioanisole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and identified via NMR and HRMS. Preliminary screening of greenhouse-based herbicidal activity revealed that compound 5a exhibited >85% inhibitory activity against broadleaf weeds Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, and Eclipta prostrate at 37.5 g a.i./hm2, which was slightly superior to that of fomesafen. The current study suggests that compound 5a could be further optimized as an herbicide candidate to control various broadleaf weeds

A Kinetic Study on the Reduction of Single Magnetite Particle with Melting Products at High Temperature Based on Visual and Surface Analytical Techniques

In this study, the reduction characteristics of single magnetite particles with melting products at high temperature were investigated by using visualization and surface analytical techniques. The morphology evolution, product type, reduction degree, and reduction rate of single magnetite particles during the reduction process were analyzed and compared at different reduction temperatures. The results showed that the morphology of the product formed at the reduction temperature of 1300 degrees C was a mainly nodular structure. When the reduction temperature was above 1400 degrees C, the products were melted to liquid and flowed out of the particle to form a layered structure. The morphology of the melted products finally transformed to be root-like in structure on the plate around the unmelted core. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the product types during the reduction process. Experiments studying the effects of gas flowrate and particle size on the reduction degree were carried out, and the results showed that both increasing the temperature and gas flowrate can increase the reduction degree. The internal/external diffusion influence can be ignored with a particle size smaller than 100 mu m and a gas flowrate more than 200 mL/min. However, owing to the resistance of the melted products to gas diffusion, the reduction rates at 1400 and 1500 degrees C were reduced significantly when the reduction degree increased from 0.5 to 1.0. Conversely, the formation of the liquid enlarged the contact area of the reducing gas and solid-liquid and further increased the reduction degree. The kinetics parameters, including average activation energy and pre-exponential factor, were calculated from the experimental data. The reduction kinetics equation of the single magnetite particle, considering the effect of melted products is also given in this study

Stabilizing Highly Active Ru Sites by Electron Reservoir in Acidic Oxygen Evolution

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction. RuO2 is regarded as a promising alternative to IrO2 for the anode catalyst of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers due to its superior activity and relatively lower cost compared to IrO2. However, the dissolution of Ru induced by its overoxidation under acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions greatly hinders its durability. Herein, we developed a strategy for stabilizing RuO2 in acidic OER by the incorporation of high-valence metals with suitable ionic electronegativity. A molten salt method was employed to synthesize a series of high-valence metal-substituted RuO2 with large specific surface areas. The experimental results revealed that a high content of surface Ru4+ species promoted the OER intrinsic activity of high-valence doped RuO2. It was found that there was a linear relationship between the ratio of surface Ru4+/Ru3+ species and the ionic electronegativity of the dopant metals. By regulating the ratio of surface Ru4+/Ru3+ species, incorporating Re, with the highest ionic electronegativity, endowed Re0.1Ru0.9O2 with exceptional OER activity, exhibiting a low overpotential of 199 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2. More importantly, Re0.1Ru0.9O2 demonstrated outstanding stability at both 10 mA cm−2 (over 300 h) and 100 mA cm−2 (over 25 h). The characterization of post-stability Re0.1Ru0.9O2 revealed that Re promoted electron transfer to Ru, serving as an electron reservoir to mitigate excessive oxidation of Ru sites during the OER process and thus enhancing OER stability. We conclude that Re, with the highest ionic electronegativity, attracted a mass of electrons from Ru in the pre-catalyst and replenished electrons to Ru under the operating potential. This work spotlights an effective strategy for stabilizing cost-effective Ru-based catalysts for acidic OER

Identification and profiling of Cyprinus carpio microRNAs during ovary differentiation by deep sequencing

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs. However, the possible role of miRNAs in the ovary differentiation and development of fish is not well understood. In this study, we examined the expression profiles and differential expression of miRNAs during three key stages of ovarian development and different developmental stages in common carp Cyprinus carpio. Results A total of 8765 miRNAs were identified, including 2155 conserved miRNAs highly conserved among various species, 145 miRNAs registered in miRBase for common carp, and 6505 novel miRNAs identified in common carp for the first time. Comparison of miRNA expression profiles among the five libraries identified 714 co-expressed and 2382 specific expressed miRNAs. Overall, 150, 628, and 431 specifically expressed miRNAs were identified in primordial gonad, juvenile ovary, and adult ovary, respectively. MiR-6758-3p, miR-3050-5p, and miR-2985-3p were highly expressed in primordial gonad, miR-3544-5p, miR-6877-3p, and miR-9086-5p were highly expressed in juvenile ovary, and miR-154-3p, miR-5307-5p, and miR-3958-3p were highly expressed in adult ovary. Predicted target genes of specific miRNAs in primordial gonad were involved in many reproductive biology signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt, oocyte meiosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Notch, p53, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone pathways. Target-gene prediction revealed upward trends in miRNAs targeting male-bias genes, including dmrt1, atm, gsdf, and sox9, and downward trends in miRNAs targeting female-bias genes including foxl2, smad3, and smad4. Other sex-related genes such as sf1 were also predicted to be miRNA target genes. Conclusions This comprehensive miRNA transcriptome analysis demonstrated differential expression profiles of miRNAs during ovary development in common carp. These results could facilitate future exploitation of the sex-regulatory roles and mechanisms of miRNAs, especially in primordial gonads, while the specifically expressed miRNAs represent candidates for studying the mechanisms of ovary determination in Yellow River carp

Role of Interfacial Structure of Water in Polymer Surface Wetting

We present a theoretical approach to investigate the structures and contact angles of water in contact with different polymer surfaces. In the theoretical approach, the three-dimensional reference interaction site model integral equation and the three-dimensional density functional method are combined through the bridge function. First, the three-dimensional distribution functions of water over the crystalline polyethylene surface and the amorphous polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene surfaces are calculated. According to the isosurface representations of the distributions, the wetting processes of these four polymer surfaces are simply analyzed. Then, the three-dimensional distributions of free energy are calculated by the density functional equation to obtain the interfacial tensions. Finally, the contact angles are estimated. It is shown that the predicted contact angles are in good agreement with the literature data, indicating that above structure and energy descriptions are quantitatively reasonable

Response of rotifer community to environmental changes in five shallow lakes in the middle reach of Changjiang River, China

We evaluated the response of a rotifer community to environmental changes in five shallow lakes in the middle reach of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River in summer and autumn 2010. These five lakes differed in trophic status and rotifer community structure. Twenty-nine rotifer species were collected, of which Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra dolichoptera, and Trichocerca elongate were dominant. The mean density, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and equitability among the five lakes differed significantly (P < 0.05). The mean rotifer density was positively correlated with trophic state. The diversity was higher in lakes with high macrophyte coverage. The composition of rotifer species was closely associated with the trophic gradient. Five environmental variables, Secchi depth, conductivity, TN, NH4-N, and TP, significantly affected the composition of rotifer species. Keratella quadrata, Brachionus calyciflorus, and B. forficula were more common in eutrophic conditions. Our results suggest that eutrophication has a significant influence on the rotifer community structure and highlight the potential for using rotifer community structure as an indicator of trophic status in subtropical lakes

Chromosome analysis of foetal tissue from 1903 spontaneous abortion patients in 5 regions of China: a retrospective multicentre study

Abstract Background Abnormal foetal tissue chromosome karyotypes are one of the important pathogenic factors for spontaneous abortion (SA). To investigate the age and abnormal foetal karyotypes of 1903 couples who experienced SA. Methods A retrospective multicentre study collected age and foetal tissue karyotypes CNV-seq data of 1903 SA couples from 6 hospitals in 5 regions from January 2017 to March 2022. The distribution and correlation of abnormal foetal tissue karyotypes were evaluated by using regions and age. Results In our study, 1140 couples (60.5% of the total) had abnormal foetal tissue chromosome karyotypes in all regions. We found that there were differences in the number of abnormal foetal tissue chromosome karyotypes, of which the incidence of trisomy was higher. At the same time, the populations situated in the eastern region had a more triploid (15.5%) distribution, trisomy (58.1%) in the southern region, mosaicism (14.8%) and microduplication (31.7%) in the southwestern region, microdeletion (16.7%) in the northern region. There are variances across areas, and it is more common in the north. The incidence risk of prenatal chromosomal abnormalities varied according to age group. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the karyotypes of patients with abnormal foetal tissue chromosome abortion in different regions were different. Meanwhile, patients ≥ 35 years old had a higher risk of abnormal foetal tissue chromosome abortion

Polyacrylic Acid-Induced Self-Assembly of CdSe Nanoparticles into a Two-Dimensional Crystal: Experiment and Theory

Under the depletion effect of poly­(acrylic acid) chains, CdSe nanoparticles coated with oleic acid ligand aggregated into clusters and self-assembled into an ordered two-dimensional hexagon-shaped array on the surface of a carbon film. Such behavior was also reproduced via dynamic density functional theory. Given the same condition, the aggregation enhancement of nanoparticles on the substrate and the ratio of hexagonal side length to vertex size in a crystal cell are similar in both experimental and theoretical sections, suggesting a reasonable interpretation of the mechanism of the disorder-to-order transition. Thereafter, the theoretical predictions reveal the range of spontaneous self-assembly, which can be directed, enhanced, or controlled by changing either nanoparticle size or interactions among nanoparticles, poly­(acrylic acid), and substrate