Spatio-temporal mapping of variation potentials in leaves of Helianthus annuus L. seedlings in situ using multi-electrode array.

Damaging thermal stimuli trigger long-lasting variation potentials (VPs) in higher plants. Owing to limitations in conventional plant electrophysiological recording techniques, recorded signals are composed of signals originating from all of the cells that are connected to an electrode. This limitation does not enable detailed spatio-temporal distributions of transmission and electrical activities in plants to be visualised. Multi-electrode array (MEA) enables the recording and imaging of dynamic spatio-temporal electrical activities in higher plants. Here, we used an 8 × 8 MEA with a polar distance of 450 μm to measure electrical activities from numerous cells simultaneously. The mapping of the data that were recorded from the MEA revealed the transfer mode of the thermally induced VPs in the leaves of Helianthus annuus L. seedlings in situ. These results suggest that MEA can enable recordings with high spatio-temporal resolution that facilitate the determination of the bioelectrical response mode of higher plants under stress

δ\delta meson effects on neutron stars in the modified quark-meson coupling model

The properties of neutron stars are investigated by including $\delta$ meson field in the Lagrangian density of modified quark-meson coupling model. The $\Sigma^-$ population with $\delta$ meson is larger than that without $\delta$ meson at the beginning, but it becomes smaller than that without $\delta$ meson as the appearance of $\Xi^-$. The $\delta$ meson has opposite effects on hadronic matter with or without hyperons: it softens the EOSes of hadronic matter with hyperons, while it stiffens the EOSes of pure nucleonic matter. Furthermore, the leptons and the hyperons have the similar influence on $\delta$ meson effects. The $\delta$ meson increases the maximum masses of neutron stars. The influence of $(\sigma^*,\phi)$ on the $\delta$ meson effects are also investigated.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 4 table

A community merger of optimization algorithm to extract overlapping communities in networks

© 2018 IEEE. A community in networks is a subset of vertices primarily connecting internal components, yet less connecting to the external vertices. The existing algorithms aim to extract communities of the topological features in networks. However, the edges of practical complex networks involving a weight that represents the tightness degree of connection and robustness, which leads a significant influence on the accuracy of community detection. In our study, we propose an overlapping community detection method based on the seed expansion strategy applying to both the unweighted and the weighted networks, called OCSE. First, it redefines the edge weight and the vertex weight depending on the influence of the network topology and the original edge weight, and then selects the seed vertices and updates the edges weight. Comparisons between OCSE approach and existing community detection methods on synthetic and real-world networks, the results of the experiment show that our proposed approach has the significantly better performance in terms of the accuracy

The polymorphisms of κ-casein gene and their associations with milk production traits and expression analysis in Chinese Holstein cattle

The polymorphisms of exon 4 and 5 of κ-casein (CSN3) gene and their associations with milk production traits and expression pattern in Chinese Holstein cattle were investigated. Nine mutational sites, of which seven were novel mutational sites, were identified and genotyped by polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), created restriction site-PCR (CRS-RFLP) and sequencing methods in 398 cows. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that SNP-1 (g.10891 T > C rs 43703015, g.10927 C > A rs 43703016, g.10988 G > A ss 256302464 and g.10966 A > T ss 256302465) and SNP-2 (g.12907 A > G ss 256302466, g.12950 G > A ss 256302468, g.12989 C > T ss 256302469 and g.13028 A > G ss 256302470) were completely linked, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that SNP-1, SNP-2 and SNP-3 (g.12980 T > C ss 256302467) markers were closely correlated to the fat content. The SNP-3 marker had a remarkable effect on the protein content (P < 0.05). 16 combined genotypes of the three SNPs were found. Fat and protein content in combinations of genotypes were varied significantly (P < 0.05). Genotypes BBCCEE and ABTCDD individuals had the highest fat and protein content, respectively, which may be useful for marker assisted selection program in dairy cattle. The expression of CSN3 mRNA in the mammary tissue was higher than that of in the liver tissue (P < 0.05) and the expression in the spleen of BB genotype was higher than that of AA genotype in the SNP-1 (P < 0.05) by fluorescent quantitation real-time PCR (Q-PCR) assay.Key words: SNPs, CSN3 gene, combined genotype, Q-PCR, milk production traits

Slow cooling and efficient extraction of C-exciton hot carriers in MoS2 monolayer

In emerging optoelectronic applications, such as water photolysis, exciton fission and novel photovoltaics involving low-dimensional nanomaterials, hot-carrier relaxation and extraction mechanisms play an indispensable and intriguing role in their photo-electron conversion processes. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted much attention in above fields recently; however, insight into the relaxation mechanism of hot electron-hole pairs in the band nesting region denoted as C-excitons, remains elusive. Using MoS2 monolayers as a model two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide system, here we report a slower hot-carrier cooling for C-excitons, in comparison with band-edge excitons. We deduce that this effect arises from the favourable band alignment and transient excited-state Coulomb environment, rather than solely on quantum confinement in two-dimension systems. We identify the screening-sensitive bandgap renormalization for MoS2 monolayer/graphene heterostructures, and confirm the initial hot-carrier extraction for the C-exciton state with an unprecedented efficiency of 80%, accompanied by a twofold reduction in the exciton binding energy

Dominant Physicochemical Properties of SF6/N2 Thermal Plasmas with a Two-temperature Chemical Kinetic Model

It's increasingly clear that the existence of thermodynamic equilibrium is an exception rather than the role in SF6/N2 thermal plasmas. We intended to investigate the dominant physicochemical properties of SF6/N2 thermal plasmas at 4  atm from 12000 K to 1000 K with considering the thermal non-equilibrium. A two-temperature chemical kinetic model containing all the available reactions is developed. The temperature difference between the electron and the heavy species is defined as a function of the electron number density. The molar fractions of species are compared to the equilibrium composition predicted by Gibbs free energy minimization. By analyzing the main reactions in the generation and loss of a dominant species, the chemistry set is simplified and characterized by a few species and reactions. Then, the dominant physicochemical properties are captured and the computing time of complicated chemical kinetic model is dramatically shortened at the same time