Linking GloVe with word2vec

The Global Vectors for word representation (GloVe), introduced by Jeffrey Pennington et al. is reported to be an efficient and effective method for learning vector representations of words. State-of-the-art performance is also provided by skip-gram with negative-sampling (SGNS) implemented in the word2vec tool. In this note, we explain the similarities between the training objectives of the two models, and show that the objective of SGNS is similar to the objective of a specialized form of GloVe, though their cost functions are defined differently.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Inverse Problems of Determining Sources of the Fractional Partial Differential Equations

In this chapter, we mainly review theoretical results on inverse source problems for diffusion equations with the Caputo time-fractional derivatives of order $\alpha\in(0,1)$. Our survey covers the following types of inverse problems: 1. determination of time-dependent functions in interior source terms 2. determination of space-dependent functions in interior source terms 3. determination of time-dependent functions appearing in boundary condition

Block Belief Propagation for Parameter Learning in Markov Random Fields

Traditional learning methods for training Markov random fields require doing inference over all variables to compute the likelihood gradient. The iteration complexity for those methods therefore scales with the size of the graphical models. In this paper, we propose \emph{block belief propagation learning} (BBPL), which uses block-coordinate updates of approximate marginals to compute approximate gradients, removing the need to compute inference on the entire graphical model. Thus, the iteration complexity of BBPL does not scale with the size of the graphs. We prove that the method converges to the same solution as that obtained by using full inference per iteration, despite these approximations, and we empirically demonstrate its scalability improvements over standard training methods.Comment: Accepted to AAAI 201

English and Chinese Thought Patterns and Their Impact on Translation Teaching

Translation is widely accepted not only as a transformation of linguistic forms, but also as a particular activity of cross-cultural communication. As one of the most important aspects of culture, thought pattern will exert great influence upon translation. Totally four pairs of English and Chinese patterns are discussed, such as abstract thought vs. image thought, analytical thought vs. synthetical thought, object-centered thought vs. subject-centered thought, and linear thought vs. spiral thought. Based on the discussion, four translation techniques are put forward which will be quite essential in translation teaching. The techniques are such as transformation between animate subjects and inanimate subjects, transformation between nouns and verbs, transformation between prepositions and verbs, transformation between the end-weight sentences and the beginning-weight sentences

The relationship between FDI and international trade : evidence from P.R. China and OECD

This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade. It aims at offering a unified representation of trade-FDI cycles to better understand the process of internationalisation via exploring the trade-FDI relationship and related impacts on economic growth, both of the home and the host country. In particular, it makes inquiries into the relationships between trade and FDI for developing countries and developed countries, being inspired by the product life cycle of Vernon (1966). It attempts to answer the question of whether the relationship between trade and FDI is complementary or substitute in the conjecture of a trade-FDI cycle. Further, it scrutinises the factors that contribute to the relationship between trade and FDI, and the ways in which these factors play a role and exert their effects.The thesis examines empirically FDI-trade relationships for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and China, in the derived analytical framework and with the adapted models. Pooled panel data ranging from 1988 to 2012 are applied, covering 23 OECD developed countries and China. The evolving relationships fit into the phases and cycles reasonably satisfactorily, lending support to the conjectures and hypotheses developed in this study. The trade-FDI cycle is expressed as follow:This research contributes to the existing literature by examining the trade-FDI relationship in a dynamic trade-FDI cycle. Moreover, it provides a clear path that demonstrates how a country achieves its development by attracting inward FDI, utilising trade, and taking advantage of outward FDI. Another obvious extension of this study is its systematic review of the determinants of trade and FDI, and its defining of the factors that drive the cycle of trade and FDI relationship. This gives a more comprehensive insight into the nature and patterns of the trade-FDI relationship, and how they interact with each other