Assessing the in vivo ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 for induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment

Reputed as a significant metabolic disorder, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by high-fat deposits in the liver and causes substantial economic challenges to any country's workforce. Previous studies have indicated that some lactic acid bacteria may effectively prevent or treat NAFLD. Overall, L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 protected against HFD-induced NAFLD by improving liver characteristics and modulating microbiota composition, and thus could be a candidate for improving NAFLD. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced NAFLD. First, hepatic lipid profile and histological alterations were determined to study whether L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 could ameliorate NAFLD. Then, the intestinal permeability and gut barrier were explored. Finally, gut microbiota was analyzed to elucidate the mechanism from the insights of the gut–liver axis. The results showed that Lactobacillus KLDS1.0901 administration significantly decreased body weight, Lee's index body, fat rate, and liver index. L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration significantly improved lipid profiles by decreasing the hepatic levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and by increasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. A conspicuous decrease of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum was observed after L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration. Meanwhile, the H&E and Oil Red O-stained staining showed that L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 significantly reduced liver lipid accumulation of HFD-fed mice by decreasing the NAS score and lipid area per total area. Our results showed that L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration decreased the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations accompanied by the increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10). L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration could improve the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the mRNA levels of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and Muc-2, which were coupled to the decreases of the concentration of LPS and D-lactic acid. Notably, L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration modulated the gut microbiota to a near-normal pattern. Hence, our results suggested that L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 can be used as a candidate to ameliorate NAFLD

Facile Fluorescence "Turn on" Sensing of Lead Ions in Water via Carbon Nanodots Immobilized in Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes

Heavy metal detection has become very important for the protection of water resource. In this work, a novel controllable probe is presented for the sensitive detection of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. The probe was synthesized via the immobilization of surface functionalized carbon dots (named as CAEA-Hs) into the shell of the spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB). The fluorescence of CAEA-H was firstly "turned off" via electrostatic interaction induced quenching. Based on the aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE), the fluorescence of the immobilized CAEA-H could be specifically turned on via the aggregation of the SPB particles. This fluorescence "turn on" sensor could selectively detect Pb2+ among five different metal ions with a relatively wide detecting range (0-1.67 mM) and good linear relationship (R 2 = 0.9958). Moreover, the aggregating behavior and nano-structure of CAEA-H loaded SPB have been systematically analyzed via small angle X-ray scattering, turbidity titration, and Zeta-potential measurement. Based on a series of control experiments, we finally gain an insight into the sensing mechanism of this novel sensing probe. This contributed a proof of concept demonstration that sensitive and selective chemical detection can be achieved via a C-dot/SPB synergistic platform

First Report of Integrative Conjugative Elements in Riemerella anatipestifer Isolates From Ducks in China

We report for the first time the occurrence of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) in Riemerella anatipestifer (R.anatipestifer) isolated from diseased ducks in China. For this purpose, a total of 48 genome sequences were investigated, which comprised 30 publicly available R. anatipestifer genome sequences, and 18 clinical isolates genomes sequences. Two ICEs, named ICERanRCAD0133-1 and ICERanRCAD0179-1 following the classic nomenclature system, were identified in R. anatipestifer through the use of bioinformatics tools. Comparative analysis revealed that three ICEs in Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale showed a high degree of conservation with the core genes of ICERanRCAD0133-1, while 13 ICEs with high similarity to ICERanRCAD0179-1 were found in Bacteroidetes. Based on the definition of ICE family, ICERanRCAD0179-1 was grouped in CTnDOT/ERL family; however, ICERanRCAD0133-1, which had no significant similarity with known ICEs, might be classified into a novel ICE family. The sequences of ICERanRCAD0133-1 and ICERanRCAD0179-1 were 70890 bp and 49166 bp in length, had 33.14 and 50.34% GC content, and contained 77 CDSs and 51 CDSs, respectively. Cargo genes carried by these two ICEs were predicted to encode: R-M systems, IS elements, a putative TonB-dependent receptor, a bacteriocin/lantibiotic efflux ABC transporter, a tetracycline resistance gene and more. In addition, phylogenetic analyses revealed that ICERanRCAD0179-1 and related ICEs were derived from a common ancestor, which may have undergone divergence prior to integartation into the host bacterial chromosome, and that the core genes co-evolved via a related evolutionary process or experienced only a low degree of recombination events during spread from a common CTnDOT/ERL family ancestor. Collectively, this study is the first identification and characterization of ICEs in R. anatipestifer; and provides new insights into the genetic diversity, evolution, adaptation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of R. anatipestifer

Evolutionarily missing and conserved tRNA genes in human and avian

Viral infection heavily relies on host transfer RNA (tRNA) for viral RNA decoding. Counterintuitively, not all tRNA species based on anticodon are matched to all 64-triplet codons during evolution. Life solves this problem by cognate tRNA species via wobbling decoding. We found that 14 out of 64 tRNA genes in humans and the main avian species (chicken and duck) were parallelly missing, including 8 tRNA-A34NN and 6 tRNA-G34NN species. By analyzing the conservation of key motifs in tRNA genes, we found that box A and B served as intragenic tRNA promoters were evolutionally conserved among human, chicken, and duck. Thus, decoding viral RNA by similar wobbling strategies and tRNA transcripts may be

2015년 전국다문화가족실태조사 자료를 중심으로

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :국제대학원 국제학과(한국학전공),2020. 2. 은기수.Korean society has already entered a multicultural society due to the increase of foreign residents and multicultural families in Korea. In particular, marriages between Korean men and foreign women have increased sharply since the 2000s, with the number of female immigrants rising sharply. However, life or marriage, which started from a strange place, rather than from the female immigrants' own country, often suffers discrimination and unfair treatment, unlike the expectations they had when they came to Korea, and thus their satisfaction level is low. The policy interest in female marriage immigrants is of great significance as it relates to the stable integration of Korean society, social and cultural diversity, and the establishment of an equal society. This study understands that social capital will be a very important foundation for maintaining the happy life and high living satisfaction of female marriage immigrants. The purpose of this study is to investigate how social capital of female immigrants affects their life satisfaction and to explore the policy measures to improve their life satisfaction. To this end, actual proof analysis was conducted using the original data from the National Multicultural Family Survey conducted in 2015. Through the analysis, the following results were derived from this study: First, in this study, the demographic characteristics of the female marriage immigrants were 37.61% in their 30s and 73.02% of high school graduates or higher. Korean language proficiency accounted for 18.21% of TOPIK level 3. The average monthly income of 1-1.5 million won was the highest at 34.06%, with those 0.5-1 million won coming to 25.24%. When asked if they had experience in social discrimination, 60.99% said they had no social discrimination, and 39.01% said they had experienced social discrimination. In terms of country of origin, China had the highest distribution with 22.62%, followed by Vietnam with 20.44%. During the period of residence in Korea, 5-9 years account for 39.12% and 39.39% took over more than 10 years of coming to Korea. Second, this study analyzed social capital differences according to social demographic characteristics and verified for age, education level, Korean language ability, monthly income, social discrimination experience, country of origin, and period of residence in Korea. As a result, there were no differences in social capital trust and participation factors depending on the age of the analyzed female marriage immigrants, and there were significant differences in network factors. According to education level, Korean language ability, monthly income, social discrimination experience, country of origin, and period of residence in Korea, all of social capital trust, participation and network factors showed statistically significant differences. In addition, there was no difference in social capital trust factors according to social discrimination experience, and there was a statistically significant difference in social capital participation and network factors. Third, there was no difference in life satisfaction according to the age of the analyzed female marriage immigrants, and the life satisfaction level according to education level, Korean language ability, monthly income, social discrimination experience, country of origin, and period of residence in Korea showed a statistically significant difference. In particular, the life satisfaction level of those surveyed who have received education has increased step by step, and the life satisfaction of the female marriage immigrants who were above level 3 of Korean proficiency test also increased by stages. On the other hand, the living satisfaction level of those analyzed for the period 0-29 during their residence in Korea has been lowered step by step. Fourth, the multiple regression analysis showed that social capital trust, participation, network variables, social demographic characteristics such as Korean language ability, monthly average income, and social discrimination experience variables had significant positive effects on life satisfaction. The age and Korean residence period variables have significant negative effects on life satisfaction. In other words, the more people a female marriage immigrant can trust, the more they participate in group activities, the higher the level of network through experience of supporting services, the higher Korean language ability, the higher monthly average income, and the less social discrimination experience, the higher the life satisfaction. On the other hand, the older they are and the longer they stay in Korea, the negatively they will evaluate their life satisfaction. In addition, multiple regression analysis confirmed that cross-causal relationships exist between trust, participation, and network, which are social capital components. In particular, as a result of multiple regression analysis on trust variables, the more female marriage immigrant participate in various gatherings or activities, the higher the level of networks organized by the experience of benefits from various education and support, the more reliable people around they can trust. It was also confirmed that participation in meetings and activities was more effective in raising the level of social capital trust factor than experiencing in education and support services.한국 사회는 체류 외국인과 다문화가족의 증가로 이미 다문화 사회로 진입하였다. 특히 2000년대부터 한국인 남성과 외국인 여성의 결혼이 급격히 증가하여 여성결혼이민자 인수가 크게 증가해 왔다. 그러나 여성결혼이민자들의 자국이 아닌 낯선 타지에서 시작된 생활 또는 결혼은 한국에 올 때에 가졌던 기대와 달리 차별, 불평등 대우 등을 겪으며 생활만족도는 낮은 경우가 많다. 여성결혼이민자에 대한 정책적 관심은 한국 사회의 안정적 통합과 사회적•문화적 다양성 및 평등사회 구축과 관련되는 점으로서 큰 의미가 있다. 본 연구는 여성결혼이민자의 행복한 삶과 높은 생활만족도를 유지하기 위해 사회자본이 매우 중요한 토대가 될 것으로 이해한다. 이에 여성결혼이민자의 사회자본이 생활만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고, 여성결혼이민자의 생활만족도 향상을 위한 정책적 방안으로 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 2015년에 실시된 전국다문화가족실태조사 원자료를 사용하여 실적 분석을 실시하였다. 분석을 통해 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 본 연구는 분석 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성인 연령은 30대는 37.61%를 차지하였으며, 교육수준은 고졸 이상이 73.02%로 나타났다. 한국어 능력은 한국어능력시험(TOPIK) 3급이 18.21%를 가장 많이 차지하였다. 월평균 소득은 100-150만원 미만이 34.06%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 50-100만원 미만은 25.24%에 이른다. 사회적 차별 경험이 있는지를 묻는 문항에서는 없었다고 대답한 여성결혼이민자가 60.99%, 있었다고 대답한 여성결혼이민자가 39.01%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 출신국가는 중국이 22.62%로 가장 높은 분포를 가졌고, 베트남은 그 뒤로 20.44%에 이른다. 한국거주기간에 있어서 5-9년이 39.12%, 한국에 온 지는 10년 이상이 39.39%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 사회자본 차이 분석으로 연령, 교육수준, 한국어 능력, 월평균 소득, 사회적 차별 경험, 출신국가 그리고 한국거주기간에 대한 검증을 실시하였다. 결과로서 분석대상자의 연령에 따른 사회자본 신뢰, 참여 요소에 차이가 보이지 않았으며, 네트워크 요소에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 교육수준, 한국어 능력, 월평균 소득, 출신국가, 한국거주기간에 따른 신뢰, 참여, 네트워크가 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 사회적 차별 경험에 따른 신뢰 요소에 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 참여와 네트워크에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 생활만족도 차이 분석으로 분석대상자의 연령에 따른 생활만족도의 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 교육수준, 한국어 능력, 월평균 소득, 사회적 차별 경험, 출신국가, 한국거주기간에 따른 생활만족도가 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 구체적으로 특히 교육을 받아본 적이 있는 분석대상자의 생활만족도가 단계별로 높아졌으며, 한국어능력시험 3급 이상의 분석대상자의 생활만족도 또한 단계별로 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 한국거주기간 0-29년의 분석대상자의 생활만족도는 단계별로 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 다중회귀분석을 통해 생활만족도에 대해 사회자본 신뢰, 참여, 네트워크 변수, 사회인구학적 특성인 한국어 능력, 월평균 소득, 사회적 차별 경험 변수가 유의미한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 연령과 한국거주기간 변수는 생활만족도에 유의미한 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 즉 여성결혼이민자가 신뢰할 수 있는 사람이 많을수록, 모임활동 참여할수록, 지원서비스 수혜 경험으로 네트워크 수준이 높을수록, 한국어 능력이 높을수록, 월평균 소득이 높을수록, 사회적 차별 경험이 없을수록 생활만족도가 높을 것이며, 반면에 연령이 많을수록, 한국거주기간이 길수록 생활만족도를 부정적으로 평가할 것이다. 이 외에도 다중회귀분석을 통해 사회자본 구성요소인 신뢰, 참여, 네트워크 간에 교차적인 상관관계가 존재하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 그중에 특히 신뢰 변수에 대해 다중회귀분석 실시한 결과, 여성결혼이민자가 각종 모임이나 활동을 참여할수록, 각종 정부 제공한 교육 및 지원에 대한 수혜 경험으로 구성한 네트워크 수준이 높을수록 주변에 신뢰할 수 있는 사람이 더 많이 생길 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회자본 신뢰 요소 수준을 높이는데 교육 및 지원 서비스의 수혜 경험보다 모임이나 활동 참여는 더 효과적인 것임을 확인하였다.제 1 장 서론 1 1.1 연구의 필요성 1 1.2 연구의 목적 4 제 2 장 기존연구 6 2.1 여성결혼이민자의 특징 6 2.1.1 여성결혼이민자의 개념 6 2.1.2 여성결혼이민자 인구변화 추세 8 2.2 사회자본 13 2.2.1 사회자본의 개념 13 2.2.2 사회자본의 구성요소와 측정척도 16 2.3 여성결혼이민자의 사회자본 23 2.3.1 여성결혼이민자 사회자본의 특성 23 2.3.2 여성결혼이민자 사회자본의 형성요인 26 2.3.3 여성결혼이민자 사회자본의 역할과 효과 28 2.4 생활만족도 31 2.4.1 생활만족도의 개념과 영향요인 31 2.4.2 여성결혼이민자의 생활만족도 35 제 3 장 연구방법 38 3.1 분석틀과 연구가설 38 3.2 분석자료와 분석대상 39 3.3 주요변수 측정 41 3.4 분석방법 45 제 4 장 연구결과 46 4.1 기초분석 46 4.2 가설검증 55 4.2.1 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 사회자본의 차이 분석 55 4.2.2 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 생활만족도의 차이 분석 69 4.2.3 사회자본과 생활만족도의 관계분석 76 제 5 장 결론 87 5.1 연구요약 87 5.2 논의 89 5.3 연구의 제한점 92 참고문헌 94 Abstract 104Maste

Common Grounded H-Type Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with a Wide Voltage Conversion Ratio for a Hybrid Energy Storage System

Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) play an important role in maintaining the power balance of a direct current (DC) micro-grid. A HESS is mainly composed of high power density super-capacitors (SCs) and high energy density batteries. According to the operational requirements of an SC, a bidirectional DC-DC converter with the characteristics of a good dynamic response and a wide voltage conversion ratio is needed to interface the SC and a high-voltage DC bus. In this paper, a novel common grounded H-type bidirectional converter characterized by a good dynamic response, a low inductor current ripple, and a wide voltage conversion ratio is proposed. In addition, it can avoid the narrow pulse of pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage waveforms when a high voltage conversion ratio is achieved. All of these features are beneficial to the operation of the SC connected to a DC bus. The operating principle and characteristics of the proposed converter are presented in this paper. A 320 W prototype with a wide voltage conversion ranging from 3.3 to 8 in step-up mode and 1/8 to 1/3 in step-down mode has been constructed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter

Effect of the Preheating Strategy on the Combustion Process of the Intake Manifold Burner

The intake air preheating is an effective method to improve the cold start performance of diesel engines. The combustion process and ignition probability were investigated in the present study. The average flame area (AFA) during the steady stage of the combustion process was used to evaluate the effects of various factors on combustion. The increase of voltage was found to enhance the combustion process, while the increased diesel flow rate first promoted the combustion before deteriorating it. The increased intake air flow velocity enhanced the combustion within 2.64 m/s, and excessive air flow velocity hindered the combustion from 2.7 to 3 m/s. The cross-distributed vortex clusters in the combustion chamber, periodic diesel evaporation and vortexes with opposite rotation directions in the vicinity of the intake manifold burner were believed to be the main reasons for flame stripping and swirl motion. The temperature rise in the exhaust pipe was recorded to investigate the thermal distribution. The warm air was concentrated in the upper region because of the buoyancy effect of the flame. With the air flow velocity increasing from 1.4 to 10 m/s, the average temperature rise increased first before decreasing, while the combustion efficiency increased due to the increased air flow volume

A bidirectional DC-DC converter with high voltage conversion ratio and zero ripple current for battery energy storage system

In this article, a novel bidirectional dc-dc converter (BDC) consisting of an active switched-inductor (A-SL) cell, a zero current ripple cell and an auxiliary capacitor cell is proposed for the battery energy storage system. The proposed BDC integrates with the advantages of high voltage conversion ratio, low power switch voltage stresses, zero ripple current on the low voltage side (LVS), and constant potential difference between the grounds of LVS and high voltage side. Thanks to the use of synchronous rectification technology, the efficiency of the proposed BDC is increased. The operating principles, the characteristics analysis and the parameter design of the proposed BDC are given. In addition, to show the merits of the proposed BDC, a comparison study involves the proposed converter and other BDCs is demonstrated. Finally, some experimental results obtained using a 1000 W prototype are presented to valid the effectiveness of the proposed BDC. 96.43% and 96.67% maximum conversion efficiencies can be achieved in the step-up and step-down modes, respectively.This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51977145

Effect of the Air Flow on the Combustion Process and Preheating Effect of the Intake Manifold Burner

Diesel engines show poor performance and high emissions under cold-start conditions. The intake manifold burner is an effective method to increase the intake air temperature and improve engine performance. In this paper, a visualization system was employed to investigate the combustion process of the intake manifold burner. The effects of diesel flow rate and airflow velocity on combustion performance were investigated. The combustion process of the intake manifold burner showed four stages: preparing stage A, rapid development stage B, steady-development stage C, and stable stage D. Flame stripping was found in stages C and D, presenting the instability of the combustion process. With the increase in air flow velocity from 1.4 m/s to 3.0 m/s, the flame stripping was enhanced, leading to the increasing combustion instability and regular flame penetration fluctuations. The average temperature rise and combustion efficiency increased with the increasing diesel flow rate, indicating the combustion enhancement. Comparison of temperature rise and combustion efficiency under 2.0 m/s and 10.0 m/s showed that stronger cross wind enhances the heat convection, improving the temperature uniformity and combustion efficiency