CHEAT: A Large-scale Dataset for Detecting ChatGPT-writtEn AbsTracts

The powerful ability of ChatGPT has caused widespread concern in the academic community. Malicious users could synthesize dummy academic content through ChatGPT, which is extremely harmful to academic rigor and originality. The need to develop ChatGPT-written content detection algorithms call for large-scale datasets. In this paper, we initially investigate the possible negative impact of ChatGPT on academia,and present a large-scale CHatGPT-writtEn AbsTract dataset (CHEAT) to support the development of detection algorithms. In particular, the ChatGPT-written abstract dataset contains 35,304 synthetic abstracts, with Generation, Polish, and Mix as prominent representatives. Based on these data, we perform a thorough analysis of the existing text synthesis detection algorithms. We show that ChatGPT-written abstracts are detectable, while the detection difficulty increases with human involvement.Our dataset is available in https://github.com/botianzhe/CHEAT.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

OPAF: Optimized Secure Two-Party Computation Protocols for Nonlinear Activation Functions in Recurrent Neural Network

Deep neural network (DNN) typically involves convolutions, pooling, and activation function. Due to the growing concern about privacy, privacy-preserving DNN becomes a hot research topic. Generally, the convolution and pooling operations can be supported by additive homomorphic and secure comparison, but the secure implementation of activation functions is not so straightforward for the requirements of accuracy and efficiency, especially for the non-linear ones such as exponential, sigmoid, and tanh functions. This paper pays a special attention to the implementation of such non-linear functions in semi-honest model with two-party settings, for which SIRNN is the current state-of-the-art. Different from previous works, we proposed improved implementations for these functions by using their intrinsic features as well as worthy tiny tricks. At first, we propose a novel and efficient protocol for exponential function by using a divide-and-conquer strategy with most of the computations executed locally. Exponential protocol is widely used in machine learning tasks such as Poisson regression, and is also a key component of sigmoid and tanh functions. Next, we take advantage of the symmetry of sigmoid and Tanh, and fine-tune the inputs to reduce the 2PC building blocks, which helps to save overhead and improve performance. As a result, we implement these functions with fewer fundamental building blocks. The comprehensive evaluations show that our protocols achieve state-of-the-art precision while reducing run-time by approximately 57%, 44%, and 42% for exponential (with only negative inputs), sigmoid, and Tanh functions, respectively

In Situ Test of Grouting Reinforcement for Water-Enriched Sandy Gravel Ground in River Floodplain

The performance of the ground treatment is always critical for a tunnel excavated in unstable stratum. Laodongnanlu Xiangjiang Tunnel (Changsha, China) across the Xiangjiang River will be constructed in a sandy gravel ground which is characterized by loose structure, extensive porosity, elevated sensitivity, poor stability, and a high groundwater table. Permeation grouting will be employed to improve the bearing capacity and mitigate groundwater movement into the excavation. In order to seek suitable injection parameters and grouting method, a field trial of vertical grouting was conducted in the sandy gravel stratum in river floodplain. A series of tests focusing on grout material, grouting sequence of boreholes, injection pressure, and grouting volume were performed to improve the sandy gravel mass strength and reduce water permeability. The examination of the results obtained during water pressure testing and core drilling on completion of the grouting trial successfully demonstrated that the specified injection criteria had led to an expected effect. Grouting control method of this saturated sandy gravel stratum was concluded after the test, which would contribute to the future pregrouting work during the tunnelling

An improved region growing algorithm in 3D laser point cloud identification of rock mass structural plane

The rock mass structural plane constitutes the weakest part of the rock mass. Accurate and efficient identification of rock mass structural plane and extraction of characteristic information can provide an important basis for the rock mass stability evaluation. 3D laser scanning technology can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of structural surface survey; however, the current mainstream point cloud analysis algorithms exist the problems that the edge recognition of structural surfaces is blurred and the accuracy of point cloud segmentation cannot meet the accuracy of structural surface feature information extraction. Considering the spatial relationship between the position of the point cloud of the rock mass structural plane and its neighborhood, the region growth segmentation parameters were corrected by multiple eigenvalues. The KD-tree data structure was used to perform the nearest neighbor search. The voxel was sampled, and the structural plane was segmented to realize the extraction of the structure plane occurrence, spacing, and extension information, based on the normal vector difference of the point cloud and the characteristic final value. The effectiveness of this method in structural plane identification was also verified by indoor models. The results show that compared with the traditional Principal Component Analysis method and Random Sample Consensus method, this method has a higher recognition rate and accuracy in the same area among the 24 structural planes composed of indoor block models. It can not only ensure the complete recognition of data in the complex and changing plane area, but also better segment the edge points in the sharp position of the plane. Using this method, 24 structural planes can be divided into 6 groups, and the corresponding structural plane feature information can be obtained. Compared with the actual measurement results, the angle information error is approximately 1°, and the distance information error is within 1 cm. This method identified three groups of structural planes in the Mangshezhai slope rock mass successfully in the main stream of the Yangtze River. The method proposed in this study has a good verification effect on indoor model and field slope, which can provide robust and effective technical support for the identification and segmentation of rock mass structural plane

Study on Borehole Wall Real-time Stability of Coal Seam With Coal Cleat When Underbalanced Drilling

Coal seam as the gas productive reservoir and gas-bearing reservoir, it is different from the conventional sandstone reservoir. On the one hand, coal cleat is well-developed in coal seam reservoir. Its characteristics are low porosity, small permeability, large specific surface area, low mechanical strength, strong heterogeneity, low reservoir pressure and so forth. These characteristics determine that drilling has more influence on coal seam reservoir than on conventional sandstone reservoir. In the process of drilling, therefore, in order to reduce or avoid the pollution to coal seam, usually adopt underbalanced drilling way to keep negative differential pressure and to reduce the damage of fluid in borehole flowing into the reservoir. At the same time, when underbalanced drilling, formation fluid flows into the borehole, leading to the formation pressure near the borehole to change. On the other hand, due to coal seam with low mechanical strength, great brittleness, and well-developed coal cleat, in the process of drilling especially underbalanced drilling, borehole wall is prone to collapse. Coal cleat exists in the coal seam and affects its mechanical property. When studying coal seam borehole wall stability, coal cleat must be considered. Considering time effect, the paper established the borehole wall stability model of coal seam with coal cleat when underbalanced drilling, obtained the collapse pressure distribution, and analyzed influence factors of coal seam borehole wall stability, providing theoretical guidance to prevent borehole wall instability.Key words: Coal seam; Underbalanced drilling; Negative differential pressure; Borehole wall stability; Coal clea

Dynamic tilt testing of MEMS inclinometers based on conical motions

The MEMS inclinometer integrates a tri-axis accelerometer and a tri-axis gyroscope to solve the perceived dynamic inclinations through a complex data fusion algorithm, which has been widely used in the fields of industrial, aerospace, and monitoring. In order to ensure the validity of the measurement results of MEMS inclinometers, it is necessary to determine their dynamic performance parameters. This study proposes a conical motion-based MEMS inclinometer dynamic testing method, and the motion includes the classical conical motion, the attitude conical motion, and the dual-frequency conical motion. Both the frequency response and drift angle of MEMS inclinometers can be determined. Experimental results show that the conical motions can accelerate the angle drift of MEMS inclinometers, which makes them suitable for dynamic testing ofMEMSinclinometers. Additionally, the tilt sensitivity deviation of theMEMS inclinometer by the proposed method and the turntable-based method is less than 0.26 dB.We further provide the research for angle drift and provide discussion

A 5-50 Gb/s quarter rate transmitter with a 4-tap multiple-MUX based FFE in 65 nm CMOS

This paper presents a 5-50 Gb/s quarter-rate transmitter with a 4-tap feed-forward equalization (FFE) based on multiple-multiplexer (MUX). A bandwidth enhanced 4:1 MUX with the capability of eliminating charge-sharing effect is proposed to increase the maximum operating speed. To produce the quarter-rate parallel data streams with appropriate delays, a compact latch array associated with an interleaved-retiming technique is designed. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, the transmitter occupying an area of 0.6 mm2 achieves a maximum data rate of 50 Gb/s with an energy efficiency of 3.1 pJ/bit