EL SILENCIO EN EL MONSTRUO DEL MANZANARES

Este trabajo estudia la función del silencio en la novela El monstruo del Manzanares, novela corta incluida en la colección La mojiganga del gusto (1641) de Andrés Sanz del Castillo. Esta novela posee constantes alusiones al silencio, las cuales, sumadas a la ausencia de diálogos que reproduzcan las voces de los personajes, nos llevan a considerar, más allá todavía, que el silencio configura un tema en sí mismo dentro de El monstruo de Manzanares y determina notoriamente el sentido final de la novela

The PLS-DA analysis performed on quantified proteins from fiber standards.

<p>(A) The PLS-DA scores plot shows good separation of samples from different species, and samples from different breads of the same species are clustered together. (B) The variable influence on projection (VIP) plot shows that protein P1-P28 (with VIP value > 1) make most contribution to the separation of three groups in (A). Twenty out of the twenty-eight proteins also make significant discrimination in the ANOVA test (<i>p</i><0.01) and they are marked with asterisks.</p

Evaluation of candidate markers in species identification of fiber standards.

<p>(A) Evaluation of 24 candidate protein markers selected for fiber identification. None of them show satisfactory specificity and sensitivity across all fiber samples. (B) Evaluation of 65 candidate peptide markers selected for fiber qualification. Ten peptides (marked with a red star) show sufficient specificity and sensitivity across all fiber samples. Each line represents identification results of a specific protein/peptide across all samples. Fiber sample annotation is the same as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0147044#pone.0147044.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>, and the appending number refers to the number of replicate of this sample.</p

The quantitative proteomic strategy for fiber marker discovery and fiber proteome profiling results.

<p>(A) The schematic workflow of marker discovery and validation with combined untargeted and targeted proteomic strategies. Two replicates of a specific fiber sample (S1 and S2) were labeled with intermediate and heavy dimethyl tags, a fiber mixture from three species with a light dimethyl label served as reference (REF). The mixture of S1, S2 and REF was analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS in IDA mode for fiber proteome profiling and marker discovery. Then peptide markers were validated and used for fiber quantification with the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) approach. (B) Numbers of protein identification in cashmere, wool and yak fiber samples. The result shows large overlap of the fiber proteome among three species. (C) Percentage of keratin and KAPs identified in three types of fibers. Detailed GO classification for each identified protein is shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0147044#pone.0147044.s002" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>.</p

Determination of cashmere proportions in textile fabrics.

<p>(A) Four fabrics from commercial textiles analyzed in this work. On the left are the appearance of fabric samples and on the right is the SEM image of a single fiber from each fabric. (B) Quantification results of cashmere proportions in the four fabrics using the PRM approach developed in this study and the traditional light microscopy analysis.</p

An NGS-Independent Strategy for Proteome-Wide Identification of Single Amino Acid Polymorphisms by Mass Spectrometry

Detection of proteins containing single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) encoded by nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) can aid researchers in studying the functional significance of protein variants. Most proteogenomic approaches for large-scale SAPs mapping require construction of a sample-specific database containing protein variants predicted from the next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Searching shotgun proteomic data sets against these NGS-derived databases allowed for identification of SAP peptides, thus validating the proteome-level sequence variation. Contrary to the conventional approaches, our study presents a novel strategy for proteome-wide SAP detection without relying on sample-specific NGS data. By searching a deep-coverage proteomic data set from an industrial thermotolerant yeast strain using our strategy, we identified 337 putative SAPs compared to the reference genome. Among the SAP peptides identified with stringent criteria, 85.2% of SAP sites were validated using whole-genome sequencing data obtained for this organism, which indicates high accuracy of SAP identification with our strategy. More interestingly, for certain SAP peptides that cannot be predicted by genomic sequencing, we used synthetic peptide standards to verify expression of peptide variants in the proteome. Our study has provided a unique tool for proteogenomics to enable proteome-wide direct SAP identification and capture nongenetic protein variants not linked to nsSNPs

Self-Reported Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Chinese Critical Care Clinicians during 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Critically ill patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza are often treated in intensive care units (ICUs), representing significant risk of nosocomial transmission to critical care clinicians and other patients. Despite a large body of literature and guidelines recommending infection control practices, numerous barriers have been identified in ICUs, leading to poor compliance to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The use of PPE among critical care clinicians has not been extensively evaluated, especially during the pandemic influenza. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors, and barriers to compliance with the use of PPE among ICU healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic influenza.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>A survey instrument consisting of 36 questions was developed and mailed to all HCWs in 21 ICUs in 17 provinces in China. A total of 733 physicians, nurses, and other professionals were surveyed, and 650 (88.7%) were included in the analysis. Fifty-six percent of respondents reported having received training program of pandemic influenza before they cared for H1N1 patients, while 77% reported to have adequate knowledge of self and patient protection. Only 18% of respondents were able to correctly identify all components of PPE, and 55% reported high compliance (>80%) with PPE use during patient care. In multivariate analysis, vaccination for 2009 H1N1 influenza, positive attitudes towards PPE use, organizational factors such as availability of PPE in ICU, and patient information of influenza precautions, as well as reprimand for noncompliance by the supervisors were associated with high compliance, whereas negative attitudes towards PPE use and violation of PPE use were independent predictors of low compliance.</p> <h3>Conclusion/Significance</h3><p>Knowledge and self-reported compliance to recommended PPE use among Chinese critical care clinicians is suboptimal. The perceived barriers should be addressed in order to close the significant gap between perception and knowledge or behavior.</p> </div

Characteristics of respondents.

*<p>p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, physicians versus nurses.</p

Predictors of high compliance to PPE use among ICU clinicians: results of univariate and multivariate analyses.

<p>Predictors of high compliance to PPE use among ICU clinicians: results of univariate and multivariate analyses.</p

Use of PPE during 2009 influenza pandemic: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

<p>HCW, healthcare worker; ICU, intensive care unit; PPE, personal protective equipment.</p>*<p>p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, physicians versus nurses.</p