Effect of down—regulation of voltage—gated sodium channel Nav1.7 on activation of astrocytes and microglia in DRG in rats with cancer pain

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of down-regulation of Nav1.7 on the activation of astrocytes and microglia in DRG of rats with cancer pain, and explore the transmission of the nociceptive information.MethodsLentiviral vector harboring RNAi sequence targeting the Nav1.7 gene was constructed, and Walker 256 breast cancer cell and morphine was injected to build the bone cancer pain model and morphine tolerance model in rats. Lentiviral vector was injected. Rats in each model were divided into 4 groups: model group, PBS group, vehicle group and LV-Nav1.7 group. The expression levels of GFAP and OX42 in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured.ResultsAfter the animal model was built, the level of Nav1.7, GFAP and OX42 was improved obviously with the time prolonged, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression level of GFAP and OX42 in the DRG in the LV-Nav1.7 group declined obviously compared to the model group, PBS group and vehicle group (P<0.05).ConclusionsIntrathecal injection of Navl.7 shRNA lentiviral vector can reduce the expression of Nav1.7 and inhibit the activation of astrocytes and microglia in DRG. The effort is also effective in morphine tolerance bone cancer pain model rats

Foxtail Millet NF-Y Families: Genome-Wide Survey and Evolution Analyses Identified Two Functional Genes Important in Abiotic Stresses

It was reported that Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) genes were involved in abiotic stress in plants. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), an elite stress tolerant crop, provided an impetus for the investigation of the NF-Y families in abiotic responses. In the present study, a total of 39 NF-Y genes were identified in foxtail millet. Synteny analyses suggested that foxtail millet NF-Y genes had experienced rapid expansion and strong purifying selection during the process of plant evolution. De novo transcriptome assembly of foxtail millet revealed 11 drought up-regulated NF-Y genes. SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 were highly activated in leaves and/or roots by drought and salt stresses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 played positive roles in the induction of SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 under stress treatments. Transient luciferase (LUC) expression assays revealed that SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 could activate the LUC gene driven by the tobacco (Nicotiana tobacam) NtERD10, NtLEA5, NtCAT, NtSOD or NtPOD promoter under normal or stress conditions. Overexpression of SiNF-YA1 enhanced drought and salt tolerance by activating stress-related genes NtERD10 and NtCAT1 and by maintaining relatively stable relative water content (RWC) and contents of chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in transgenic lines under stresses. SiNF-YB8 regulated expression of NtSOD, NtPOD, NtLEA5 and NtERD10 and conferred relatively high RWC and chlorophyll contents and low MDA content, resulting in drought and osmotic tolerance in transgenic lines under stresses. Therefore, SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 could activate stress-related genes and improve physiological traits, resulting in tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. All these results will facilitate functional characterization of foxtail millet NF-Ys in future studies

catena-Poly[(μ2-3-carb­oxy-5-nitro­benzoato)(μ3-5-nitro­benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl­ato)(1,10-phenanthroline)gadolinium(III)]

The crystal structure of the title complex, [Gd(C8H3NO6)(C8H4NO6)(C12H8N2)]n, contains polymeric chains made up of GdIII atoms, 1,10-phenanthroline and fully or half-deproton­ated 5-nitro­benzene-1,3-dicarb­oxy­lic acid (H2 L) ligands. The GdIII atom is coordinated in a distorted bicapped trigonal-prismatic fashion by six O atoms from two HL − and three L 2− ligands, and by two N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand. The L 2− ligands bridge the Gd–phenanthroline units, forming chains running parallel to [100]. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding as well as π–π stacking inter­actions with an inter­planar distance of 3.599 (2) Å assemble neighboring polymeric chains

General theory of decoy-state quantum cryptography with source errors

The existing theory of decoy-state quantum cryptography assumes the exact control of each states from Alice's source. Such exact control is impossible in practice. We develop the theory of decoy-state method so that it is unconditionally secure even there are state errors of sources, if the range of a few parameters in the states are known. This theory simplifies the practical implementation of the decoy-state quantum key distribution because the unconditional security can be achieved with a slightly shortened final key, even though the small errors of pulses are not corrected.Comment: Our results can be used securely for any source of diagonal states, including the Plug-&-Play protocol with whatever error pattern, if we know the ranges of errors of a few parameter

A preliminary study on the monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation through the left main bronchus

INTRODUCTION: The study sought to assess the feasibility and accuracy of measuring mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) through the left main bronchus (SpO(2trachea)) METHODS: Twenty hybrid pigs of each sex were studied. After anesthesia, a Robertshaw double-lumen tracheal tube with a single-use pediatric pulse oximeter attached to the left lateral surface was introduced toward the left main bronchus of the pig by means of a fibrobronchoscope. Measurements of SpO(2trachea )and oxygen saturation from pulmonary artery samples (SvO(2blood)) were performed with an intracuff pressure of 0 to 60 cmH(2)O. After equilibration, hemorrhagic shock was induced in these pigs by bleeding to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mmHg. With the intracuff pressure maintained at 60 cmH(2)O, SpO(2trachea )and SvO(2blood )were obtained respectively during the pre-shock period, immediately after the onset of shock, 15 and 30 minutes after shock, and 15, 30, and 60 minutes after resuscitation. RESULTS: SpO(2trachea )was the same as SvO(2blood )at an intracuff pressure of 10, 20, 40, and 60 cmH(2)O, but was reduced when the intracuff pressure was zero (p < 0.001 compared with SvO(2blood)) in hemodynamically stable states. Changes of SpO(2trachea )and SvO(2blood )corresponded with varieties of cardiac output during the hemorrhagic shock period. There was a significant correlation between the two methods at different time points. CONCLUSION: Measurement of the left main bronchus SpO(2 )is feasible and provides similar readings to SvO(2blood )in hemodynamically stable or in low saturation states. Tracheal oximetry readings are not primarily derived from the tracheal mucosa. The technique merits further evaluation

Genome-wide analysis of microRNAs in relation to pupariation in oriental fruit fly

Insect metamorphosis is a complex process involving drastic morphological and physiological changes. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in regulating various biological processes, including metamorphosis, by post-transcriptional repression of mRNAs. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is one of the most destructive insect pests in many Asian countries and the Pacific Islands. The regulatory role of miRNAs in B. dorsalis metamorphosis is unclear. To better understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in pupariation, Illumina sequencing of the wandering stage (WS), the late WS and the white puparium stage of B. dorsalis were performed. Two hundred forty-nine miRNAs, including 184 known miRNAs and 65 novel miRNAs, were obtained. Among these miRNAs, 19 miRNAs were differentially expressed in pupariation, and eight miRNAs showed relative high expression levels (>50 TPM), of which five differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) had target differentially expressed genes (DEGs) predicted by the expected miRNA-mRNA negative regulation pattern using the Illumina HiSeq data. Four sets of DEMs and their predicted target DEGs were confirmed by qPCR. Of the four miRNAs, two miRNAs were down-regulated: miR-981, which may target pdpc, and Bdo-novel-mir-55, which potentially regulates spsX1, psB/C, and chit3. The other two miRNAs were up-regulated: let-7a-3p, which possibly controls lap, and Bdo-novelmir-24, which may regulate ipc and sp1/2. This study provides a useful resource to elucidate the regulatory role of miRNAs and understand the molecular mechanisms of metamorphosis

No relationship between the distribution of mast cells and the survival of stage IIIB colon cancer patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mast cells promote the progression of experimental tumors and might be a valuable therapeutic target. However, the relevant clinical evidence is still controversial. This study analyzed the relationship between the distribution of mast cells and the survival of patients with colon cancer to study whether mast cells contribute to tumor progression.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Ninety-three cases of pathologically confirmed primary cancer tissues matched with adjacent normal mucosa, metastases of regional-draining lymph nodes and regional-draining lymph nodes without metastases were collected from stage IIIB colon carcinoma patients between January 1997 and July 2004 at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University. Tryptase-positive mast cells were counted. The relationships of the distribution of mast cells with clinicopathologic parameters and 5-year survival were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although the mast cell count in the mucosa adjacent to the primary colon cancer was significantly higher than that in the stroma of the primary colon cancer, no difference in mast cell counts was observed between the stroma in lymph node metastasis and the lymph tissue adjacent to the metastasis. Additionally, the mast cell count in the regional-draining lymph node without the invasion of cancer cells was significantly higher than that in the stroma of lymph node metastasis and adjacent lymph tissue. However, none of those mast cell counts was related to 5-year survival.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although mast cell count varied with location, none of the mast cell counts was related to 5-year survival, suggesting that mast cells do not contribute to the progression of stage IIIB colon cancer.</p

住院老年人误吸风险及对误吸认知的调查分析

Objective:To investigate the aspiration risk and the aspiration cognition of elderly inpatients. Method: A self-designed questionnaire about the aspiration risk and the aspiration cognition was applied to survey the hospitalized elderly. Result: The aspiration risk of the elderly was higher, up to 41.3%, characterized by coming up with various symptoms. The illnesses the elderly suffering from, types of medication, motion ability and the state of consciousness were the risk factors resulting in aspiration (P&lt;0.05); and only 4.4% of the patients completely understood the knowledge of aspiration and aspiration pneumonitis. Conclusion: Elderly patients are at high risk of aspiration along with various symptoms coming up with, and they have poor knowledge about aspiration and aspiration pneumonitis relatively.目的  调查住院老年患者误吸风险及对误吸的认知情况。方法  采用自行设计的误吸风险及误吸认知调查表对住院老年患者进行调查。结果  老年患者误吸风险较高，高达41.3%，且以多种症状同时出现为特点。所患疾病、服药种类、活动能力及意识状态是误吸发生的危险因素（P＜0.05）；仅有4.4%的患者完全了解误吸及吸入性肺炎的知识。结论  老年患者误吸风险高，且以多种症状同时出现为特点，对误吸及吸入性肺炎的知晓率较低

The DWT Power Spectrum of the two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey

The power spectrum of the two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) sample is estimated with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method. The DWT power spectra within $0.04 <k< 2.3 h$Mpc$^{-1}$ are measured for three volume-limited samples defined in connective absolute magnitude bins $-19 \sim -18$, $-20 \sim -19$ and $-21 \sim -20$. We show that the DWT power spectrum can effectively distinguish $\Lambda$CDM models of $\sigma_8=0.84$ and $\sigma_8=0.74$. We adopt maximum likelihood method to perform three-parameter fitting with bias parameter $b$, pairwise velocity dispersion $\sigma_{pv}$ and redshift distortion parameter $\beta=\Omega_m^{0.6}/b$ to the measured DWT power spectrum. Fitting results denotes that in a $\sigma_8=0.84$ universe the best fitted $\Omega_m$ given by the three samples are consistent in the range $0.28 \sim 0.36$, and the best fitted $\sigma_{pv}$ are $398^{+35}_{-27}$, $475^{+37}_{-29}$ and $550 \pm 20$km/s for the three samples, respectively. However in the model of $\sigma_8=0.74$, our three samples give very different values of $\Omega_m$. We repeat the fitting by using empirical formula of redshift distortion. The result of the model of low $\sigma_8$ is still poor, especially, one of the best value $\sigma_{pv}$ is as large as $10^3$km/s. The power spectrum of 2dFGRS seems in disfavor of models with low amplitude of density fluctuations.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. submitted to MNRAS. submitted to MNRA

The quantum nonthermal radiation and horizon surface gravity of an arbitrarily accelerating black hole with electric charge and magnetic charge *

Using a new tortoise coordinate transformation, we discuss the quantum nonthermal radiation characteristics near an event horizon by studying the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of a scalar particle in curved space-time, and obtain the event horizon surface gravity and the Hawking temperature on that event horizon. The results show that there is a crossing of particle energy near the event horizon. We derive the maximum overlap of the positive and negative energy levels. It is also found that the Hawking temperature of a black hole depends not only on the time, but also on the angle. There is a problem of dimension in the usual tortoise coordinate, so the present results obtained by using a correct-dimension new tortoise coordinate transformation may be more reasonable