Energy translation and Proper-Time Eigenstates

The usual quantum mechanics describes the mass eigenstates. To describe the proper-time eigenstates, a duality theory of the usual quantum mechanics was developed. The time interval is treated as an operator on an equal footing with the space interval, and the quantization of the space-time intervals between events is obtained. As a result, one can show that there exists a zero-point time interval.Comment: 15 pages, No figur

Carbon monoxide in an extremely metal-poor galaxy

Extremely metal-poor galaxies with metallicity below 10% of the solar value in the local universe are the best analogues to investigating the interstellar medium at a quasi-primitive environment in the early universe. In spite of the ongoing formation of stars in these galaxies, the presence of molecular gas (which is known to provide the material reservoir for star formation in galaxies, such as our Milky Way) remains unclear. Here, we report the detection of carbon monoxide (CO), the primary tracer of molecular gas, in a galaxy with 7% solar metallicity, with additional detections in two galaxies at higher metallicities. Such detections offer direct evidence for the existence of molecular gas in these galaxies that contain few metals. Using archived infrared data, it is shown that the molecular gas mass per CO luminosity at extremely low metallicity is approximately one-thousand times the Milky Way value.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Supplementary data at http://www.nature.com/article-assets/npg/ncomms/2016/161209/ncomms13789/extref/ncomms13789-s1.pd

catena-Poly[nickel(II)-bis­(μ-2-amino­ethane­sulfonato-κ3 N,O:O′;κ3 O:N,O′)]

In the title polymeric complex, [Ni(C2H6NO3S)2]n, the NiII ion occupies a special position on an inversion centre and displays a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry, being linked to four sulfonate O atoms and to two N atoms of the taurine ligands. The sulfonate groups doubly bridge symmetry-related NiII centers, forming polymeric chains along the a axis

Research on a Pulmonary Nodule Segmentation Method Combining Fast Self-Adaptive FCM and Classification

The key problem of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of lung cancer is to segment pathologically changed tissues fast and accurately. As pulmonary nodules are potential manifestation of lung cancer, we propose a fast and self-adaptive pulmonary nodules segmentation method based on a combination of FCM clustering and classification learning. The enhanced spatial function considers contributions to fuzzy membership from both the grayscale similarity between central pixels and single neighboring pixels and the spatial similarity between central pixels and neighborhood and improves effectively the convergence rate and self-adaptivity of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve more accurate segmentation of vascular adhesion, pleural adhesion, and ground glass opacity (GGO) pulmonary nodules than other typical algorithms

N-(2-Hy­droxy-5-nitro­phen­yl)methane­sulfonamide ethanol monosolvate

In the title compound, C7H8N2O5S·C2H6O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the nitro group is 8.78 (9)° and the S atom is displaced by 0.226 (3) Å from the plane of the aromatic ring. In the crystal, the ethanol mol­ecule is involved in hydrogen bonding to two separate sulfonamide mol­ecules, as a donor in an O—H⋯O inter­action and as an acceptor in an N—H⋯O inter­action. Weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is also present