2,120 research outputs found
Genome-wide association analysis identifies resistance loci for bacterial blight in a diverse collection of indica rice germplasm
Bacterial blight, which is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. The development and use of disease-resistant cultivars have been the most effective strategy to control bacterial blight. Identifying the genes mediating bacterial blight resistance is a prerequisite for breeding cultivars with broad-spectrum and durable resistance. We herein describe a genome-wide association study involving 172 diverse Oryza sativa ssp. indica accessions to identify loci influencing the resistance to representative strains of six Xoo races. Twelve resistance loci containing 121 significantly associated signals were identified using 317,894 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which explained 13.3β59.9% of the variability in lesion length caused by Xoo races P1, P6, and P9a. Two hotspot regions (L11 and L12) were located within or nearby two cloned R genes (xa25 and Xa26) and one fine-mapped R gene (Xa4). Our results confirmed the relatively high resolution of genome-wide association studies. Moreover, we detected novel significant associations on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6β10. Haplotype analyses of xa25, the Xa26 paralog (MRKc; LOC_Os11g47290), and a Xa4 candidate gene (LOC_11g46870) revealed differences in bacterial blight resistance among indica subgroups. These differences were responsible for the observed variations in lesion lengths resulting from infections by Xoo races P1 and P9a. Our findings may be relevant for future studies involving bacterial blight resistance gene cloning, and provide insights into the genetic basis for bacterial blight resistance in indica rice, which may be useful for knowledge-based crop improvement. (RΓ©sumΓ© d'auteur
Multivariate analysis of elements in chinese brake fern as determined using neutron activation analysis
Understanding the processes observed by Belle
We calculate the production cross sections for ,
and in annihilation through one virtual photon in the
framework of perturbative QCD with constituent quarks. The calculated cross
sections for and production are roughly in agreement
with the recent Belle data. The helicity decomposition for meson
production is also calculated. The fraction of the final
state in process is found to be 65%. The fraction of
production is 100% and is forbidden in annihilation
through one virtual photon. We further consider annihilation through
two virtual photons, and then find the fraction of in process to be about 91%.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Evaluating Feynman integrals by the hypergeometry
The hypergeometric function method naturally provides the analytic
expressions of scalar integrals from concerned Feynman diagrams in some
connected regions of independent kinematic variables, also presents the systems
of homogeneous linear partial differential equations satisfied by the
corresponding scalar integrals. Taking examples of the one-loop and
massless functions, as well as the scalar integrals of two-loop vacuum
and sunset diagrams, we verify our expressions coinciding with the well-known
results of literatures. Based on the multiple hypergeometric functions of
independent kinematic variables, the systems of homogeneous linear partial
differential equations satisfied by the mentioned scalar integrals are
established. Using the calculus of variations, one recognizes the system of
linear partial differential equations as stationary conditions of a functional
under some given restrictions, which is the cornerstone to perform the
continuation of the scalar integrals to whole kinematic domains numerically
with the finite element methods. In principle this method can be used to
evaluate the scalar integrals of any Feynman diagrams.Comment: 39 pages, including 2 ps figure
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