11,261 research outputs found
Is the meson dynamically generated?
We study the problem whether the meson is generated `dynamically'. A
pedagogical analysis on the toy O(N) linear sigma model is performed and we
find that the large limit and the limit does not
commute. The sigma meson may not necessarily be described as a dynamically
generated resonance. On the contrary, the sigma meson may be more appropriately
described by considering it as an explicit degree of freedom in the effective
lagrangian.Comment: Contribution to ``Quark Confinement and Hadron Spectrum VII'', 2--7
Sept. 2006, Ponta Delgada, Acores, Portuga
Measure of genuine multipartite entanglement with computable lower bounds
We introduce an intuitive measure of genuine multipartite entanglement which
is based on the well-known concurrence. We show how lower bounds on this
measure can be derived that also meet important characteristics of an
entanglement measure. These lower bounds are experimentally implementable in a
feasible way enabling quantification of multipartite entanglement in a broad
variety of cases.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Interdecadal variability of winter precipitation in Southeast China
Interdecadal variability of observed winter precipitation in Southeast China (1961–2010) is characterized by the first empirical orthogonal function of the three-monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) subjected to a 9-year running mean. For interdecadal time scales the dominating spatial modes represent monopole features involving the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Dynamic composite analysis (based on NCEP/NCAR reanalyzes) reveals the following results: (1) Interdecadal SPI-variations show a trend from a dryer state in the 1970s via an increase during the 1980s towards stabilization on wetter conditions commencing with the 1990s. (2) Increasing wetness in Southeast China is attributed to an abnormal anticyclone over south Japan, with northward transport of warm and humid air from the tropical Pacific to South China. (3) In mid-to-high latitudes the weakened southward flow of polar airmasses induces low-level warming over Eurasia due to stronger AO by warmer zonal temperature advection. This indicates that AO is attributed to the Southeast China precipitation increase influenced by circulation anomalies over the mid-to-high latitudes. (4) The abnormal moisture transport along the southwestern boundary of the abnormal anticyclone over south Japan is related to anomalous south-easterlies modulated by the SST anomalies over Western Pacific Ocean; a positive (negative) SST anomaly will strengthen (weaken) warm and humid air transport, leading to abundant (reduced) precipitation in Southeast China. That is both AO and SST anomalies determine the nonlinear trend observed in winter precipitation over Southeast China
Nutrient availability affects carbon turnover and microbial physiology differently in topsoil and subsoil under a temperate grassland
Increasing subsoil organic carbon inputs could potentially mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric CO2. Yet, microbial turnover and stabilization of labile carbon in subsoils are regulated by complex mechanisms including the availability of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S). The present study mimicked labile organic carbon input using a versatile substrate (i.e. glucose) to address the interaction between carbon-induced mineralization, N-P-S availability, and microbial physiology in topsoil and subsoils from a temperate agricultural sandy loam soil. A factorial incubation study (42 days) showed that net losses of added carbon in topsoil were constant, whereas carbon losses in subsoils varied according to nutrient treatments. Glucose added to subsoil in combination with N was fully depleted, whereas glucose added alone or in combination with P and S was only partly depleted, and remarkably 59–92% of the added glucose was recovered after the incubation. This showed that N limitation largely controlled carbon turnover in the subsoil, which was also reflected by microbial processes where addition of glucose and N increased β-glucosidase activity, which was positively correlated to the maximum CO2 production rate during incubation. The importance of N limitation was substantiated by subsoil profiles of carbon source utilization, where microbial metabolic diversity was mainly related to the absence or presence of added N. Overall, the results documented that labile carbon turnover and microbial functions in a temperate agricultural subsoil was controlled to a large extent by N availability. Effects of glucoseinduced microbial activity on subsoil physical properties remained ambiguous due to apparent chemical effects of N (nitrate) on clay dispersibility
Phase-reference VLBI Observations of the Compact Steep-Spectrum Source 3C 138
We investigate a phase-reference VLBI observation that was conducted at 15.4
GHz by fast switching VLBA antennas between the compact steep-spectrum radio
source 3C 138 and the quasar PKS 0528+134 which are about 4 away on the
sky. By comparing the phase-reference mapping with the conventional hybrid
mapping, we demonstrate the feasibility of high precision astrometric
measurements for sources separated by 4. VLBI phase-reference mapping
preserves the relative phase information, and thus provides an accurate
relative position between 3C 138 and PKS 0528+134 of
and
(J2000.0) in right ascension and declination, respectively. This gives an
improved position of the nucleus (component A) of 3C 138 in J2000.0 to be
RA= and Dec= under the
assumption that the position of calibrator PKS 0528+134 is correct. We further
made a hybrid map by performing several iterations of CLEAN and
self-calibration on the phase-referenced data with the phase-reference map as
an input model for the first phase self-calibration. Compared with the hybrid
map from the limited visibility data directly obtained from fringe fitting 3C
138 data, this map has a similar dynamic range, but a higher angular
resolution. Therefore, phase-reference technique is not only a means of phase
connection, but also a means of increasing phase coherence time allowing
self-calibration technique to be applied to much weaker sources.Comment: 9 pages plus 2 figures, accepted by PASJ (Vol.58 No.6
On the exactness of soft theorems
Soft behaviours of S-matrix for massless theories reflect the underlying
symmetry principle that enforces its masslessness. As an expansion in soft
momenta, sub-leading soft theorems can arise either due to (I) unique structure
of the fundamental vertex or (II) presence of enhanced broken-symmetries. While
the former is expected to be modified by infrared or ultraviolet divergences,
the latter should remain exact to all orders in perturbation theory. Using
current algebra, we clarify such distinction for spontaneously broken (super)
Poincar\'e and (super) conformal symmetry. We compute the UV divergences of
DBI, conformal DBI, and A-V theory to verify the exactness of type (II) soft
theorems, while type (I) are shown to be broken and the soft-modifying
higher-dimensional operators are identified. As further evidence for the
exactness of type (II) soft theorems, we consider the alpha' expansion of both
super and bosonic open strings amplitudes, and verify the validity of the
translation symmetry breaking soft-theorems up to O(alpha'^6). Thus the
massless S-matrix of string theory "knows" about the presence of D-branes.Comment: 35 pages. Additional mathematica note book with the UV-divergenece of
the 6-point amplitude in AV/KS theor
The Relationship Between Leadership Behavior of Academic Deans in Public Universities and Job Satisfaction of Department Chairpersons
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceptions of academic deans and department chairpersons regarding the leadership behavior of deans; and, to determine the relationship between perceived leadership behavior of deans and job satisfaction of department chairpersons in the public institutions of higher education. The study involved a random sample of 50 academic deans and 285 department chairpersons at public universities in Tennessee. Testing of five null hypotheses was based upon responses of 42 academic deans (84%) and 173 department chairpersons (60%). The Leadership behavior of academic deans was measured by the Leadership Practices Inventory (Kouzes & Posner, 1987). The job satisfaction of department chairpersons was determined through the Index of Job Satisfaction. A combination of means difference tests and correlational methods was used to answer questions concerning the relationship between leadership behavior of academic deans and job satisfaction of department chairpersons. Of the five null hypotheses tested, two were found to be significant at the level of.05. The conclusions drawn from the rejected hypotheses were: There was a significant difference between deans and department chairpersons in the perception of leadership behavior of deans. The overall mean score of LPI-Self was significantly higher than that of LPI-Other. The deans perceived their leadership behavior, as described in LPI, to be more effective than did department chairpersons. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the leadership behavior of deans perceived by department chairpersons and their job satisfaction. The more effective the department chairpersons perceived the deans\u27 leadership behavior to be, the more they were satisfied with their jobs. Finally, the total number of years in the department chairpersons\u27 position had a significant impact on how they perceived deans\u27 leadership behavior. Department chairpersons in the position for a total of less than a year perceived deans\u27 leader behavior as more effective than those who had been in the position for 7-9 years
Cluster Formation in Protostellar Outflow-Driven Turbulence
Most, perhaps all, stars go through a phase of vigorous outflow during
formation. We examine, through 3D MHD simulation, the effects of protostellar
outflows on cluster formation. We find that the initial turbulence in the
cluster-forming region is quickly replaced by motions generated by outflows.
The protostellar outflow-driven turbulence (``protostellar turbulence'' for
short) can keep the region close to a virial equilibrium long after the initial
turbulence has decayed away. We argue that there exist two types of turbulence
in star-forming clouds: a primordial (or ``interstellar'') turbulence and a
protostellar turbulence, with the former transformed into the latter mostly in
embedded clusters such as NGC 1333. Since the majority of stars are thought to
form in clusters, an implication is that the stellar initial mass function is
determined to a large extent by the stars themselves, through outflows which
individually limit the mass accretion onto forming stars and collectively shape
the environments (density structure and velocity field) in which most cluster
members form. We speculate that massive cluster-forming clumps supported by
protostellar turbulence gradually evolve towards a highly centrally condensed
``pivotal'' state, culminating in rapid formation of massive stars in the
densest part through accretion.Comment: 11 pages (aastex format), 2 figures submitted to ApJ
Impacts of the observed theta_{13} on the running behaviors of Dirac and Majorana neutrino mixing angles and CP-violating phases
The recent observation of the smallest neutrino mixing angle in
the Daya Bay and RENO experiments motivates us to examine whether at the electroweak scale can be generated from at a superhigh-energy scale via the radiative corrections. We find
that it is difficult but not impossible in the minimal supersymmetric standard
model (MSSM), and a relatively large may have some nontrivial
impacts on the running behaviors of the other two mixing angles and
CP-violating phases. In particular, we demonstrate that the CP-violating phases
play a crucial role in the evolution of the mixing angles by using the one-loop
renormalization-group equations of the Dirac or Majorana neutrinos in the MSSM.
We also take the "correlative" neutrino mixing pattern with , and at a
presumable flavor symmetry scale as an example to illustrate that the three
mixing angles can receive comparably small radiative corrections and thus
evolve to their best-fit values at the electroweak scale if the CP-violating
phases are properly adjusted.Comment: RevTeX 16 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, more discussions added,
references updated. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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