Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of St Andrew′s Nutrition Screening Instrument

Objective·To translate St Andrew′s Nutrition Screening Instrument (SANSI), and test its reliability and validity.Methods·With the consent of the authors, the SANSI was translated into Chinese in accordance with the "Brislin translation-back translation method" and the Chinese version underwent cross-cultural debugging. Five clinical medical staff were selected to a pre-survey on 10 patients, and the expression and structure of the scale items were fine-tuned according to the feedback. A total of 221 inpatients with mental disorders were selected by convenient sampling method in Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine as research objects from January to February 2022, and the general clinical data of these patients were collected. The correlation between the items in Part Ⅲ and the identified risks in that part was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis, and some items were deleted according to the results. Eight experts in mental disorders or nutrition were selected to evaluate the items of Chinese version of SANSI, and then the content validation indexes (CVIs) were calculated. With the standard of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002), Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the calibration validity of Chinese version of SANSI. Cronbach′s α coefficient, split half reliability and inter-rater reliability (κ consistency coefficient) were used to evaluate the reliability of the Part Ⅲ of the scale.Results·Through literal translation, back translation, cross-cultural debugging and pre-investigation, Chinese version of SANSI was formed. Among the 221 patients with mental disorders, 174 (78.73%) were males, the mean age was (64.12±13.87) years, and the duration of diseases was (26.06±17.65) years. There were 128 cases of schizophrenia (57.92%), 75 cases of organic mental disorders (33.94%), 10 cases of mood disorders (4.52%) and 8 cases of other mental disorders (3.62%). According to the results of correlation analysis in Part Ⅲ, the original items 1, 3, and 10 were deleted. The correlation coefficients between the remaining 7 items and the risk degree in this part were 0.391－0.734 (all P0.05).Conclusion·Chinese version of SANSI has good reliability and validity for hospitalized patients with mental disorders

Influence of sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the incidence of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis

BackgroundSodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are associated with cardiovascular benefits. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the influence of SGLT2i on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and to ascertain whether it is affected by confounding variables such as age, baseline renal function and concurrent use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA).MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the influence of SGLT2i versus placebo/blank treatment on AKI in the adult population. A fixed-effect model was used if the heterogeneity was not significant; otherwise, a randomized-effect model was used.ResultsEighteen studies comprising 98,989 patients were included. Compared with placebo/blank treatment, treatment with SGLT2i significantly reduced the risk of AKI (risk ratio [RR]: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71 to 0.84, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis suggested consistent results in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure (for subgroup difference, p = 0.32). Finally, univariate meta-regression suggested that the influence of SGLT2i on the risk of AKI was not significantly modified by variables such as age (coefficient: 0.011, p = 0.39), baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (coefficient: −0.0042, p = 0.13) or concomitant use of RAASi (coefficient: 0.0041, p = 0.49) or MRA (coefficient: −0.0020, p = 0.34).ConclusionSGLT2i may be effective in reducing the risk of AKI, and the effect might not be modified by age, baseline renal function and concurrent use of RAASi or MRA

Progress in the study of aging marker criteria in human populations

The use of human aging markers, which are physiological, biochemical and molecular indicators of structural or functional degeneration associated with aging, is the fundamental basis of individualized aging assessments. Identifying methods for selecting markers has become a primary and vital aspect of aging research. However, there is no clear consensus or uniform principle on the criteria for screening aging markers. Therefore, we combine previous research from our center and summarize the criteria for screening aging markers in previous population studies, which are discussed in three aspects: functional perspective, operational implementation perspective and methodological perspective. Finally, an evaluation framework has been established, and the criteria are categorized into three levels based on their importance, which can help assess the extent to which a candidate biomarker may be feasible, valid, and useful for a specific use context

Validity and applicability of the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

IntroductionThere are no standardized assessment criteria for selecting nutritional risk screening tools or indicators to assess reduced muscle mass (RMM) in the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. We aimed to compare the consistency of different GLIM criteria with Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and protein-energy wasting (PEW).MethodsIn this study, nutritional risk screening 2002 first four questions (NRS-2002-4Q), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) tools were used as the first step of nutritional risk screening for the GLIM. The RMM is expressed using different metrics. The SGA and PEW were used to diagnose patients and classify them as malnourished and non-malnourished. Kappa (κ) tests were used to compare the concordance between the SGA, PEW, and GLIM of each combination of screening tools.ResultsA total of 157 patients were included. Patients with Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1–3 accounted for a large proportion (79.0%). The prevalence rates of malnutrition diagnosed using the SGA and PEW were 18.5% and 19.7%, respectively. The prevalence of GLIM-diagnosed malnutrition ranges from 5.1% to 37.6%, depending on the different screening methods for nutritional risk and the different indicators denoting RMM. The SGA was moderately consistent with the PEW (κ = 0.423, p < 0.001). The consistency among the GLIM, SGA, and PEW was generally low. Using the NRS-2002-4Q to screen for nutritional risk, GLIM had the best agreement with SGA and PEW when skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and hand grip strength (HGS) indicated a reduction in muscle mass (SGA: κ = 0.464, 95% CI 0.28–0.65; PEW: κ = 0.306, 95% CI 0.12–0.49).ConclusionThe concordance between the GLIM criteria and the SGA and PEW depended on the screening tool used in the GLIM process. The inclusion of RMM in the GLIM framework is important. The addition of HGS could further improve the performance of the GLIM standard compared to the use of body composition measurements

Astroglial-Kir4.1 in Lateral Habenula Drives Neuronal Bursts to Mediate Depression

International audienceEnhanced bursting activity of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb) is essential in driving depression-like behaviours, but the cause of this increase has been unknown. Here, using a high-throughput quantitative proteomic screen, we show that an astroglial potassium channel (Kir4.1) is upregulated in the LHb in rat models of depression. Kir4.1 in the LHb shows a distinct pattern of expression on astrocytic membrane processes that wrap tightly around the neuronal soma. Electrophysiology and modelling data show that the level of Kir4.1 on astrocytes tightly regulates the degree of membrane hyperpolarization and the amount of bursting activity of LHb neurons. Astrocyte-specific gain and loss of Kir4.1 in the LHb bidirectionally regulates neuronal bursting and depression-like symptoms. Together, these results show that a glia–neuron interaction at the perisomatic space of LHb is involved in setting the neuronal firing mode in models of a major psychiatric disease. Kir4.1 in the LHb might have potential as a target for treating clinical depression

Internet Usage, Government Trust, and Participation of Informal Workers in Employee Public Pension Scheme

Incorporating more informal workers into the employee public pension scheme (EPPS) is a crucial component of building a high-quality employment security system in China. This study, based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) for the years 2014, 2016, and 2018, empirically analyzes the impact of Internet usage on the participation of informal workers in the EPPS. The research finds that informal workers significantly increase the possibility of participation in the EPPS through the Internet usage. This positive effect remains significant even after a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analyses argue that informal workers with higher educational level are more likely to participate in employee public pension scheme through the Internet Usage than informal workers with lower educational level. Mechanism analysis suggests that informal workers significantly raise their government trust through the Internet usage, thereby promoting their participation in the EPPS. Based on the empirical results, the following policy recommendations are proposed: government should further utilize the Internet to streamline online enrollment procedures, reducing the time costs for informal workers to participate in the EPPS. Additionally, the government should actively engage with the public through the Internet to enhance its image and deepen the level of government trust of informal workers, thereby increasing their motivation to participate in the EPPS

Knowledge and prevalence of energy drinks consumption in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional survey of adolescents

Background In recent years, energy drinks (EDs) have been widely used among young people around the world. The extensive use of EDs also affects the sleep and exercise of adolescents.Aims This study aimed to investigate the consumption of EDs, the knowledge, attitude towards EDs and associated factors of EDs consumption among adolescents in Shanghai, China.Methods A total of 4608 adolescents completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing EDs use history, knowledge and attitude towards EDs. Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) was used to assess their life events. All participants were divided into two groups based on whether they used them or not. t-test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences between the two groups, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the related factors for EDs consumption.Results 70.5% of the participants reported having ever used EDs. The main avenues to getting information on EDs were from advertisements. 67.56% of them believed that EDs had adverse effects on health. 22.09% of the participants and 31.55% of their parents took a negative attitude towards EDs. Compared with the non-consumption group, participants in the consumption group were likely to be male, with older age, identified EDs more correctly and did not believe EDs had adverse effects, with more positive attitude and higher ASLEC score. Logistic regression results showed that gender, age, attitude of parents and themselves, knowledge of EDs and ASLEC score significantly predicted EDs consumption.Conclusion EDs consumption was popular among adolescents in Shanghai, and the tailored intervention programmes need to be developed based on the characteristics of adolescents

Photoinduced thiol-ene polymerization reaction for fast preparation of macroporous hybrid monoliths and their application in capillary liquid chromatography

Hybrid monoliths with a macroporous structure were prepared within a few minutes via a photoinduced thiol-ene polymerization reaction, the surfaces of which showed hydrophobic character. The monolithic column demonstrated good separation performance towards alkyl-benzenes, peptides, proteins and BSA tryptic digest in cLC

<i>Vaccinium</i> as Potential Therapy for Diabetes and Microvascular Complications

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical global health concerns, with a fast-growing prevalence. The incidence of diabetic vascular complications is also rapidly increasing, exacerbating the burden on individuals with diabetes and the consumption of public medical resources. Despite the overall improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, safe and effective alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are complex, with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation being the leading causes. Therefore, glycemic control, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation are considered the main targets for the treatment of diabetes and its vascular comorbidities. Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) is a genus of plants enriched with polyphenolic compounds in their leaves and fruits. Vaccinium and its extracts have demonstrated good bioactivity in reducing blood glucose, oxidative stress, and inflammation, making them excellent candidates for the management of diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the potential effect of Vaccinium on ameliorating diabetes and diabetic complications, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy