DataSheet_1_Kidney function and cardiovascular diseases: a large-scale observational and Mendelian randomization study.docx

BackgroundPrior observational studies have found an association between kidney function and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, these studies did not investigate causality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the causal relationship between kidney function and CVDs.MethodsWe utilized data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) from the years 2014-2015 to evaluate the observational association between renal failure (RF) and CVDs. To investigate the causal effects of kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) and CVDs (including atrial fibrillation [AF], coronary artery disease [CAD], heart failure [HF], any stroke [AS], and any ischemic stroke [AIS]), we conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.ResultsIn the observational analysis, a total of 157,883 patients were included. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, there was no significant association between baseline RF and an increased risk of developing CVDs during hospitalization [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.056, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.993 to 1.123, P = 0.083]. Conversely, baseline CVDs was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing RF during hospitalization (adjusted OR: 1.189, 95% CI: 1.139 to 1.240, P ConclusionOur study provides evidence for causal effects of CVDs on kidney function. However, the evidence to support the causal effects of kidney function on CVDs is currently insufficient. Further mechanistic studies are required to determine the causality.</p

Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>NAC</i> Gene Family in Physic Nut (<i>Jatropha curcas</i> L.)

<div><p>The NAC proteins (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators that have a conserved NAM domain in the N-terminus. They are involved in various biological processes, including both biotic and abiotic stress responses. In the present study, a total of 100 <i>NAC</i> genes (<i>JcNAC</i>) were identified in physic nut (<i>Jatropha curcas</i> L.). Based on phylogenetic analysis and gene structures, 83 <i>JcNAC</i> genes were classified as members of, or proposed to be diverged from, 39 previously predicted orthologous groups (OGs) of NAC sequences. Physic nut has a single intron-containing <i>NAC</i> gene subfamily that has been lost in many plants. The <i>JcNAC</i> genes are non-randomly distributed across the 11 linkage groups of the physic nut genome, and appear to be preferentially retained duplicates that arose from both ancient and recent duplication events. Digital gene expression analysis indicates that some of the <i>JcNAC</i> genes have tissue-specific expression profiles (e.g. in leaves, roots, stem cortex or seeds), and 29 genes differentially respond to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, phosphorus deficiency and nitrogen deficiency). Our results will be helpful for further functional analysis of the <i>NAC</i> genes in physic nut.</p></div

Gene structure and motif locations of <i>JcNAC</i> genes.

<p>(A), Exon/intron arrangements of <i>JcNAC</i> genes. Exons and introns are represented by black boxes (open reading frame in black, untranslated region (UTR) in gray), and black lines, respectively, and their sizes are indicated by the scale at the bottom. *, intron in the UTR. (B), Schematic representation of conserved motifs in the JcNAC proteins predicted by MEME. Each motif is represented by a number in the colored box. The black lines represent non-conserved sequences. The relationships between motifs and conserved domains (A-E) are shown on the right. The lengths of JcNAC proteins can be estimated from the scale at the bottom.</p

Chromosomal localization of physic nut <i>NAC</i> genes.

<p>Chromosomal localization of <i>JcNAC</i> genes based on the linkage map. In total, 98 <i>JcNAC</i> genes were mapped to the 11 linkage groups (LGs). The scale is in centimorgan. T, tandem duplication; A, ancient segmental duplication based on the genome synteny [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131890#pone.0131890.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>].</p

Relative expression levels of <i>JcNAC</i> genes, divided into different orthologous groups.

<p>The relative expression levels of all of the <i>JcNAC</i> genes were the average value of 6 biological repeats of digital expression profile tags. NA, not available; R, roots; St, stem cortex; L, leaves; S1, seed 1; S2, seed 2.</p

MOESM5 of Switchgrass SBP-box transcription factors PvSPL1 and 2 function redundantly to initiate side tillers and affect biomass yield of energy crop

Additional file 5: Figure S3.  Expression levels of PvSPL1 in PvSPL1SRDX and rPvSPL1 overexpressing transgenic switchgrass plants were revealed by qRT-PCR. Switchgrass Ubq2 was used as the reference for normalization. PvSPL1: sum of exo- and endo-PvSPL1 transcript versions

Application of "Problem Solving" in Religious Educatiion

Anglická anotace (English annotation) Application of the "Problem solving" to the Religious education This dissertation work deals with the practical application of teaching methods "problem solving" in the lessons of religion with all its pros and cons. It deals with issues in the teaching of religious education 8th classes of elementary schools, using only the Czech language and suggested topics, which are set out in the curriculum of religious education Roman Catholic Church in 2004, for use in the diocese of Hradec Králové. The first part is devoted to learning theory, regulations, curriculum and teaching plans of the relevant legislation with regard to the specifics and the territorial limits. The following section presents the individual applicable methods in the "problem solving" with respect to the development of key competencies of students. And in the last section are selected appropriate methods discussed in details and presented on topics discussed in the teaching of religious education lessons. The course of instruction and the subsequent reactions of students and teachers alike are drawn appropriate recommendations to the methods already fully applicable. In conclusion, the proper methods for teaching religious education in the 8th elementary school classroom are described in detail for any..

MOESM4 of Switchgrass SBP-box transcription factors PvSPL1 and 2 function redundantly to initiate side tillers and affect biomass yield of energy crop

Additional file 4: Figure S2. Relationships between expression levels of the miR156-targeted PvSPL genes and tiller numbers. Twelve independent positive miR156 overexpressing transgenic switchgrass lines were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression levels of PvSPL1/19, 2/18, 3/5, and 6/7 in the transgenic switchgrass plants were detected by qRT-PCR. Switchgrass Ubq2 was used as the reference for normalization

MOESM7 of Switchgrass SBP-box transcription factors PvSPL1 and 2 function redundantly to initiate side tillers and affect biomass yield of energy crop

Additional file 7: Table S4. Primer sequences used for gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR and plasmid construction

Relative expression levels of <i>MtGRAS</i> genes in different abiotic stress treatments.

<p>Three-week-old <i>M</i>. <i>truncatula</i> (cv. Jemolong A17) seedlings were subjected to various stress treatments including GA3 gibberellin (30 μM), cold (4°C), and salt (200 mM). The expression level was measured at 0h, 3hm and 6h after treatment. Error bars show the standard error of three replicates.</p