A Hofer-Type Norm of Hamiltonian Maps on Regular Poisson Manifold

We define a Hofer-type norm for the Hamiltonian map on regular Poisson manifold and prove that it is nondegenerate. We show that the L1,∞-norm and the L∞-norm coincide for the Hamiltonian map on closed regular Poisson manifold and give some sufficient conditions for a Hamiltonian path to be a geodesic. The norm between the Hamiltonian map and the induced Hamiltonian map on the quotient of Poisson manifold (M,{·,·}) by a compact Lie group Hamiltonian action is also compared

GEOCHEMICAL AND CLAY-MINERAL STUDY OF HEALING MUD FROM WUDALIANCHI, NE CHINA

Over the centuries, people have used healing mud (peloids) to draw toxins out of the body, boost the immune system, cure psoriasis, acne, depression, and hair loss. The beauty industry has used mud-clay masks, body wraps, soaps, and baths. The useful properties of mud were established empirically. The most popular healing-mud spars are known in the Dead Sea in Israel, Baden-Baden in Germany, Calistoga in California, Budapest in Hungary, Akhtala and Kumisi in Georgia, Paratunka in Kamchatka, Wudalianchi in China.Over the centuries, people have used healing mud (peloids) to draw toxins out of the body, boost the immune system, cure psoriasis, acne, depression, and hair loss. The beauty industry has used mud-clay masks, body wraps, soaps, and baths. The useful properties of mud were established empirically. The most popular healing-mud spars are known in the Dead Sea in Israel, Baden-Baden in Germany, Calistoga in California, Budapest in Hungary, Akhtala and Kumisi in Georgia, Paratunka in Kamchatka, Wudalianchi in China

Petrogenesis of granitoids in the eastern section of the Central Qilian Block: Evidence from geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology

The Caledonian-age Qilian Orogenic Belt at the northern margin of the Greater Tibetan Plateau comprises abundant granitoids that record the histories of the orogenesis. We report here our study of these granitoids from two localities. The Qingchengshan (QCS) pluton, which is situated in the eastern section of the Central Qilian Block, is dated at ~430–420 Ma. It has high-K calc-alkaline composition with high SiO2 (> 70 wt%), enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs), and varying degrees of negative Sr and Eu anomalies. The granitoids in the Tongwei (TW) area, 150 km east of the QCS, are complex, the majority of which are dated at ~440 Ma, but there also exist younger, ~230 Ma intrusions genetically associated with the Qinling Orogeny. The Paleozoic TW intrusions also have high SiO2, fractionated REE (rare earth element) patterns, but a negligible Eu anomaly. The whole rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions suggest that all these Paleozoic granitoids are consistent with melting-induced mixing of a two-component source, which is best interpreted as the combination of last fragments of subducted/subducting ocean crust with terrigenous sediments. The mantle isotopic signature of these granitoids (87Sr/86Sri: 0.7038 to 0.7100, εNd(t): −4.8 to −1.3, εHf(t): −0.7 to +4.0) reflects significant (~70 %) contribution of the ocean crust derived in no distant past from the mantle at ocean ridges with an inherited mantle isotopic signature. Partial melting of such ocean crust plus terrigenous sediments in response to the ocean closing and continental collision (between the Qilian and Alashan Blocks) under amphibolite facies conditions is responsible for the magmatism. Varying extents of fractional crystallization (±plagioclase, ±amphibole, ±garnet, ±zircon) of the parental magmas produced the observed QCS and TW granitoids. We note that sample HTC12–01 in the TW area shows an A-type or highly fractionated granite signature characterized by elevated abundances and a flat pattern of REEs, weak Nb-Ta anomaly, conspicuous negative Sr and Eu anomalies (Sr/Sr* = 0.09, Eu/Eu* = 0.22), and thus the high 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.7851), and moderate εNd(t) (−4.9) and εHf(t) (−2.0), pointing to the significant mantle contribution. Compared with the Paleozoic granitoids, the ~230 Ma granitoids in the TW area represented by sample JPC12–02 have higher initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7073) and lower εNd(t) (−6.2) and εHf(t) (−4.5) values, offering an ideal opportunity for future studies on tectonic effects of juxtaposition of younger orogenesis on an older orogen

Research on the influence factors of accident severity of new energy vehicles based on ensemble learning

With the deepening of the concept of green, low-carbon, and sustainable development, the continuous growth of the ownership of new energy vehicles has led to increasing public concerns about the traffic safety issues of these vehicles. In order to conduct research on the traffic safety of new energy vehicles, three sampling methods, namely, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), Edited Nearest Neighbours (ENN), and SMOTE-ENN hybrid sampling, were employed, along with cost-sensitive learning, to address the problem of imbalanced data in the UK road traffic accident dataset. Three algorithms, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), were selected for modeling work. Lastly, the evaluation criteria used for model selection were primarily based on G-mean, with AUC and accuracy as secondary measures. The TreeSHAP method was applied to explain the interaction mechanism between accident severity and its influencing factors in the constructed models. The results showed that LightGBM had a more stable overall performance and higher computational efficiency. XGBoost demonstrated a balanced combination of computational efficiency and model performance. CatBoost, however, was more time-consuming and showed less stability with different datasets. Studies have found that people using fewer protective means of transportation (bicycles, motorcycles) and vulnerable groups such as pedestrians are susceptible to serious injury and death

Climate change and its influence on the Karst groundwater recharge in the Jinci Spring Region, Northern China

Due to climate change and human activities over the last fifty years, the spring flow volume of karst groundwater has sharply diminished in China. Climate change is one of the critical factors that initiates a series of karst hydrogeologic and water ecological environmental problems, because the precipitation shows a decreasing trend while the temperature shows an increasing trend. The Jinci Spring is one of the largest, most famous springs in northern China. This study employed data from the Taiyuan Meteorological Station and ten precipitation stations in and around the Jinci Spring region as well as the runoff data gathered from two hydrological monitoring stations during 1960-2012. The sliding average method and the Mann-Kendall test were used to analyze the variation tendency of precipitation, temperature, and land evaporation in this area. Finally, the following were calculated: the varying pattern of the karst groundwater recharge amount and the response of the recharge amount to precipitation, land evaporation, and river runoff by quantitative analysis. The results indicated that the precipitation and land evaporation amount decreased at first and then subsequently increased. Likewise, the variation trend of the karst groundwater recharge amount in the spring region was roughly consistent with the precipitation variation pattern. In contrast, the temperature displayed an increasing trend. The climate change resulted in a reduction of the karst groundwater recharge amount, and it had the greatest influence in the 1990s, which caused the karst groundwater recharge amount to decrease 26.75 mm as compared to that of the 1960s (about 39.68% lower than that of the 1960s). The Jinci Spring had zero flow during this period. The reduction in precipitation was one of main factors that caused the cutoff of the Jinci Spring.IS

Optical source profiles of brown carbon in size-resolved particulate matter from typical domestic biofuel burning over Guanzhong Plain, China

In this study, both PM2.5 and size-resolved source samples were collected from a "heated kang" and an advanced stove to investigate the optical properties of brown carbon (BrC). The light-absorption coefficient (babs), the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE), and the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of both water and methanol-extracted BrC were investigated. The methanol-extracted BrC (BrCmethanol) had higher light absorption than water-extracted BrC (BrCwater). The value of PM2.5 babs of BrCmethanol at 365 nm(b(abs365),methanol) dramatically decreased from 64,669.8Mm(-1) for straw burning in the "heated kang" to 1169.2 Mm(-1) formaize straw briquettes burning in the advanced stove at the same burning rate. The value of PM2.5 MAC for BrCmethanol at 365 nm (MAC(365), methanol) decreased from 1.8 m(2) g(-1) in the "heated kang" to 1.3 m(2) g-1 in the advanced stove. For smoldering burning in the "heated kang", babs365, methanol, MAC365, methanol, and K+ showed a unimodal distribution that peaked at sizes < 0.4 mu m. However, the babs365, methanol and MAC(365), methanol size distributions of the briquette burning in the advanced stove showed a bimodal pattern, with a large peak at sizes < 0.4 mu m and a minor peak in the size range of 4.7-5.8 mu m. The babs365, methanol value for sizes < 0.4 mu m (277.4 Mm(-1)) was only 12.3% compared to those obtained from the "heated kang". The burning rate did not influence the size distribution pattern of either the "heated kang" or the advanced stove. Results from a radiative model show that biomass burning is an important factor for light absorptivity, and the use of an advanced stove can reduce the simple forcing efficiency value by nearly 20% in UV bands compared to the "heated kang". Our results indicate that changing the combustion style from maize straw smoldering to briquette burning in an advanced stove can effectively reduce BrC emissions during heating seasons in rural areas of Guanzhong Plain. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved