190 research outputs found
How Thermal Effect Regulates Cyclic Voltammetry of Supercapacitors
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a powerful technique for characterizing
electrochemical properties of electrochemical devices. During
charging-discharging cycles, thermal effect has profound impact on its
performance, but existing theoretical models cannot clarify such intrinsic
mechanism and often give poor prediction. Herein, we propose an interfacial
model for the electro-thermal coupling, based on fundamentals in
non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. By incorporating molecular interactions,
our model shows a quantitative agreement with experimental measurements. The
integral capacitance shows a first enhanced then decayed trend against the
applied heat bath temperature. Such a relation is attributed to the competition
between electrical attraction and Born repulsion via dielectric inhomogeneity,
which is rarely understood in previous models. In addition, as evidenced in
recent experimental CV tests, our model predicts the non-monotonic dependence
of the capacitance on the bulk electrolyte density, further demonstrating its
high accuracy. This work demonstrates a potential pathway towards
next-generation thermal regulation of electrochemical devices
Transcriptome, microRNA, and degradome analyses of the gene expression of Paulownia with phytoplamsa
Primers of P. tomentosa miRNAs for qRT-PCR analysis. (DOCX 20.7 kb
Forest Trees for Biochar and Carbon Sequestration: Production and Benefits
Many tree species worldwide are suitable for making biochar (BC), with planted eucalypts in particular being very productive and extensive. Above- and below-ground carbon sequestration by Eucalyptus plantations depends on plantation management options. An intensively managed cultivar could sequester over 100 mt of C/ha at a cost of 3.30–5.49/ton of C
Composted Sewage Sludge Application Reduces Mineral Fertilization Requirements and Improves Soil Fertility in Sugarcane Seedling Nurseries
Sugarcane demands large amounts of nutrients to reach a high level of productivity. Nutrients are generally supplied by mineral fertilizers, but their high costs and negative environmental impacts have generated interest in greater use of organic nutrient sources such as composted sewage sludge (CSS). In this study, we evaluated changes in soil chemical properties after the application of CSS or CSS/mineral fertilizer (MF) combinations to soil containing sugarcane seedlings under nursery conditions. Treatments included: T1: conventional mineral fertilization (MF) without application of CSS, T2: 100% of the recommended MF (06–30–24); T3: application of 2.5 Mg−1 CSS; T4: 5.0 Mg−1 CSS, T5: 7.5 Mg−1 CSS, T6: 2.5 Mg−1 CSS and 50% MF, T7: 5.0 Mg−1 CSS and 50% MF, T8: 7.5 Mg−1 CSS and 50% MF, T9: 2.5 Mg−1 CSS and 100% MF, T10: 5.0 Mg−1 CSS and 100% MF, T11: 7.5 Mg−1 CSS and 100% MF. Soil chemical properties were evaluated from the soil surface (0.0–0.25 m) and subsurface (0.25–0.50 m) horizons. The results showed that the increase in CSS application did not affect soil organic matter content at either depth, while Zn concentrations increased in the soil subsurface horizon. The application of CSS at 5.0 Mg ha−1 with or without 50% MF resulted in the highest pH values, sum of bases, cation-exchange capacity, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn in surface horizons. The use of CSS as an organic fertilizer in sugarcane nurseries improves soil fertility, reduces mineral fertilizer requirements, and, thus, facilitates the sustainable disposal of sewage sludge
- …