A Generalized Mandelbrot Set Based On Distance Ratio

The iteration of complex function can generate beautiful fractal images. This paper presents a novel method based on the iteration of the distance ratio with two points, which generates a generalized Mandelbrot set according to distance ratio convergence times. This paper states the definition of distance ratio and its iteration. Then taking the complex function f(z)=zα+c for example, it discusses the visual structure of generalized Mandelbrot with various exponent and comparing it with Mandelbrot set generated by escape time algorithm. When exponent α>1, the outer border of DRM is same as Mandelbrot set, but has complex inner structure; when α<0, the inner border of DRM is same as Mandelbrot set, DRM is the “outer” region and complement set of Mandelbrot set, the two sets cover the whole complex plane

Measurements of D-D fusion neutrons generated in nanowire array laser plasma using Timepix3 detector

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is widely used in different applications. PWM transforms the information in the amplitude of a bounded input signal into the pulse width output signal without suffering from quantization noise. The frequency of the output signal is usually constant. In this paper, the new PWM system with frequency changing (PWMFM) is described. In such PWMFM the pulse width and also the carrier frequency are changed. Therefore, two independent pieces of information can be simultaneously transmitted over one channel; hence PWM and frequency modulation (FM) are simultaneously used. But such system needs 2 demodulators, one for PWM and the second for FM. PWMFM can be used in the following applications: LED light intensity control via PWM and several LED block switching by FM PWMFM is highly useful in motor speed control applications by PWM and direction of rotation with FM. PWMFM can be used also in a class-D audio amplifier for power control, e.g. coarse by means of FM and fine by PWM. PWMFM can be used for the simultaneous transmission of two independent information between all, mutual combinations of analog and digital circuits. The analog and digital circuits for modulation and demodulation of PWMF signal are described and measuring results are presented in this work

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease