New approach to the origin of the tektite in China

The tektites in China are distributed on the north part of Australia - Southeastern Asia strewfield of tektite: Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province and Hainan Island, and located exactly at the boundary between Zanjiang Formation and Beihai Formation. A new hypothesis is suggested: During the end of Lower Pleistocene, a comet of special components from the outer part of the Solar System approached the Earth, and then it was captured by the Earth, when it came approximately to the Roche's limet. It was crushed into countless fragments, detritus and dusts, which rotated around the Earth, probably far above the Earth's atmosphere, as a cloud ring. Under the action of crushing energy they could be in the situation of liquid-melt drop in the almost vacuum circumstances and the flow and bubble structure were formed. During their rotation the climate became anomalous and the violet Fe-Si concentration were formed on the surface of sediments. After a rather short time of rotation the unstable ring was broken and the fragments impacted on the hard ground instantaneously

EM Wave Propagation Speed, Comments on “Measurement of Time Delay of Alternating Electrical Field in Wires” and “Physical Principles of Measuring the Speed of Alternating Electrical Field

The time shift of an electromagnetic wave at a single frequency between a transmitter and a receiver can be used to determine the phase velocity of the wave propagation only if there is no reflection at the receiver or the reflection is very small. The reflection adds additional phase shifts to the composted wave of an incident wave and a reflected wave so that the time difference of the composted wave is shifted between the transmitter and the receiver. This time difference may be either decreased or increased and even negative in a certain condition. Ignoring the phase shift and time shift induced by the reflection, the authors of two articles recently published on “Modern Physics” wrongly claim of “the speed of alternating electric field can be 20 times faster than the speed of light”. The two articles are: “Measurement of Time Delay of Alternating Electrical Field in Wires” (Modern Physics, 2015, 5, 29-34) and “Physical Principles of Measuring the Speed of Alternating Electrical Field” (Modern Physics, 2015, 5, 35-39). In this communication note, theory and experiments are presented to falsify their claim. 只有在没有反射或反射因素极小的情况下，在发射端和接收端电磁场的时间差可以用于计算电磁场从反 射端到接收端的传播相速度。由于反射，测量到的合成波的相位是入射波和反射波相位的合成，由反射 而引入的相位变化导致发射和接收端之间的同相位电磁波的时间差的移动。这种两点间的合成波的时间 差由于反射既能增加也可能减小，在一定的情况下，时间差还可以是负数。由于忽视因反射而引起的相 位差或时间差的变化，最近发表在《现代物理》上的两篇文章的作者们用带有反射的合成波的时间差计 算电场传播速度，并和光在自由空间里传播相速度比较，进而在两篇文章中错误地宣称：“交变电场的 速度超过光速20倍以上。”这两篇在《现代物理》上发表的文章是：“导线中交流电场时间延迟的测定” (现代物理，2015，5，29-34)和“交变电场速度测量的物理原理”(现代物理，2015，5，35-39)。此 评论文章用理论和实验数据推翻其文章“超光速20倍”的结论

On Spectral Graph Embedding: A Non-Backtracking Perspective and Graph Approximation

Graph embedding has been proven to be efficient and effective in facilitating graph analysis. In this paper, we present a novel spectral framework called NOn-Backtracking Embedding (NOBE), which offers a new perspective that organizes graph data at a deep level by tracking the flow traversing on the edges with backtracking prohibited. Further, by analyzing the non-backtracking process, a technique called graph approximation is devised, which provides a channel to transform the spectral decomposition on an edge-to-edge matrix to that on a node-to-node matrix. Theoretical guarantees are provided by bounding the difference between the corresponding eigenvalues of the original graph and its graph approximation. Extensive experiments conducted on various real-world networks demonstrate the efficacy of our methods on both macroscopic and microscopic levels, including clustering and structural hole spanner detection.Comment: SDM 2018 (Full version including all proofs

The Connectivity and the Harary Index of a Graph

The Harary index of a graph is defined as the sum of reciprocals of distances between all pairs of vertices of the graph. In this paper we provide an upper bound of the Harary index in terms of the vertex or edge connectivity of a graph. We characterize the unique graph with maximum Harary index among all graphs with given number of cut vertices or vertex connectivity or edge connectivity. In addition we also characterize the extremal graphs with the second maximum Harary index among the graphs with given vertex connectivity