Vulnerability Analysis of Regional Flood Hazard Based on MODIS Imagery and Demographic Data in the Huaihe River Basin, China

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Frequent alterations in cytoskeleton remodelling genes in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinomas

The landscape of genetic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma derived from Asian patients is largely uncharacterized. Here we present an integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 335 primary lung adenocarcinomas and 35 corresponding lymph node metastases from Chinese patients. Altogether 13 significantly mutated genes are identified, including the most commonly mutated gene TP53 and novel mutation targets such as RHPN2, GLI3 and MRC2. TP53 mutations are furthermore significantly enriched in tumours from patients harbouring metastases. Genes regulating cytoskeleton remodelling processes are also frequently altered, especially in metastatic samples, of which the high expression level of IQGAP3 is identified as a marker for poor prognosis. Our study represents the first large-scale sequencing effort on lung adenocarcinoma in Asian patients and provides a comprehensive mutational landscape for both primary and metastatic tumours. This may thus form a basis for personalized medical care and shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Cohort Profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study was established to assess the prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction, a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its risk factors in adults (≥40 years) from general populations across the world. The baseline study was conducted between 2003 and 2016, in 41 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and collected high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry from 28 828 participants. The follow-up study was conducted between 2019 and 2021, in 18 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Caribbean. At baseline, there were in these sites 12 502 participants with high-quality spirometry. A total of 6452 were followed up, with 5936 completing the study core questionnaire. Of these, 4044 also provided high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. On both occasions, the core questionnaire covered information on respiratory symptoms, doctor diagnoses, health care use, medication use and ealth status, as well as potential risk factors. Information on occupation, environmental exposures and diet was also collected

リモート センシング ト GIS オ モチイタ ダイリュウイキ ノ コウズイ サイガイ ゼイジャクセイ ヒョウカ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第14929号工博第3156号新制||工||1473(附属図書館)27367UT51-2009-M843京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻(主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 堀 智晴, 准教授 山敷 庸亮学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDA

降雨流出過程を統合した簡易型洪水氾濫モデル

洪水災害はもっとも害を及ぼす災害の一つであり，洪水災害軽減のためには洪水特性および洪水に対する脆弱性の評価に関する情報が極めて重要となる。ここでは，洪水脆弱性の時空間的な分布情報を得るために，降雨流出過程を統合したグリッド型の洪水氾濫シミュレーションモデルを構築し，大流域における洪水氾濫シミュレーションを目指す。シミュレーションモデルは，1次元の河道流追跡モデル，2次元の表面流・斜面流モデルから構成される。本モデルは，洪水特性の分析や洪水地域の導出に用いられる。本論では，本モデル開発の背景と手法を述べる。Flood hazard is the one of the most harmful disasters in the world, therefore it is significant to obtain reliable information on flood characteristics for flood hazard mitigation as well as flood vulnerability assessment. Hereby in order to obtain the temporal-spatial distribution of flood hazard vulnerability, a grid cell based simplified flood inundation simulation integrating with rainfall-runoff processes is developed in this study for flood inundation simulation of large watersheds, which is based on 1-D channel flow routing, and 2-D overland and slope flow routing simulation model. According to flood inundation simulation, flood characteristics can be analyzed, especially the flood-prone area is able to be identified and delineated. This paper describes the background of the model development and methodology.洪水災害はもっとも害を及ぼす災害の一つであり，洪水災害軽減のためには洪水特性および洪水に対する脆弱性の評価に関する情報が極めて重要となる。ここでは，洪水脆弱性の時空間的な分布情報を得るために，降雨流出過程を統合したグリッド型の洪水氾濫シミュレーションモデルを構築し，大流域における洪水氾濫シミュレーションを目指す。シミュレーションモデルは，1次元の河道流追跡モデル，2次元の表面流・斜面流モデルから構成される。本モデルは，洪水特性の分析や洪水地域の導出に用いられる。本論では，本モデル開発の背景と手法を述べる。Flood hazard is the one of the most harmful disasters in the world, therefore it is significant to obtain reliable information on flood characteristics for flood hazard mitigation as well as flood vulnerability assessment. Hereby in order to obtain the temporal-spatial distribution of flood hazard vulnerability, a grid cell based simplified flood inundation simulation integrating with rainfall-runoff processes is developed in this study for flood inundation simulation of large watersheds, which is based on 1-D channel flow routing, and 2-D overland and slope flow routing simulation model. According to flood inundation simulation, flood characteristics can be analyzed, especially the flood-prone area is able to be identified and delineated. This paper describes the background of the model development and methodology

A Closed-Form Solution to Planar Feature-Based Registration of LiDAR Point Clouds

Since pairwise registration is a necessary step for the seamless fusion of point clouds from neighboring stations, a closed-form solution to planar feature-based registration of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) point clouds is proposed in this paper. Based on the Plücker coordinate-based representation of linear features in three-dimensional space, a quad tuple-based representation of planar features is introduced, which makes it possible to directly determine the difference between any two planar features. Dual quaternions are employed to represent spatial transformation and operations between dual quaternions and the quad tuple-based representation of planar features are given, with which an error norm is constructed. Based on L2-norm-minimization, detailed derivations of the proposed solution are explained step by step. Two experiments were designed in which simulated data and real data were both used to verify the correctness and the feasibility of the proposed solution. With the simulated data, the calculated registration results were consistent with the pre-established parameters, which verifies the correctness of the presented solution. With the real data, the calculated registration results were consistent with the results calculated by iterative methods. Conclusions can be drawn from the two experiments: (1) The proposed solution does not require any initial estimates of the unknown parameters in advance, which assures the stability and robustness of the solution; (2) Using dual quaternions to represent spatial transformation greatly reduces the additional constraints in the estimation process

Soil Moisture Retrieval during the Wheat Growth Cycle Using SAR and Optical Satellite Data

The objective of this paper is to propose a combined approach for the high-precision mapping of soil moisture during the wheat growth cycle based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (Radarsat-2) and optical satellite data (Landsat-8). For this purpose, the influence of vegetation was removed from the total backscatter by using the modified water cloud model (MWCM), which takes the vegetation fraction (fveg) into account. The VV/VH polarization radar backscattering coefficients database was established by a numerical simulation based on the advanced integrated equation model (AIEM) and the cross-polarized ratio of the Oh model. Then the empirical relationship between the bare soil backscattering coefficient and both the soil moisture and the surface roughness was developed by regression analysis. The surface roughness in this paper was described by using the effective roughness parameter and the combined roughness form. The experimental results revealed that using effective roughness as the model input instead of in-situ measured roughness can obtain soil moisture with high accuracy and effectively avoid the uncertainty of roughness measurement. The accuracy of soil moisture inversion could be improved by introducing vegetation fraction on the basis of the water cloud model (WCM). There was a good correlation between the estimated soil moisture and the observed values, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of about 4.14% and the coefficient of determination (R2) about 0.7390

Application research on Offset Tracking technology in monitoring oflarge surface deformation in coal mine subsidence area

In view of problems of long monitoring cycle, low accuracy of extracted deformation quantity of surface shape existed in traditional coal mining subsidence monitoring methods, Offset Tracking technology was applied to monitoring of large deformation of coal mine subsidence area. Taking Zhangshuanglou Coal Mine as research object, the Offset Tracking technology was used to deal with SAR images of the coal mine subsidence area, two-dimensional deformation figure and the mining deformation information in distance and azimuth direction were obtained by adopting method of cross-correlation factor and over sampling to establish terrain fluctuation and noise offset model, and using the least square method to simulate track offset component. The monitoring results of using the Offset Tracking technology was evaluated with measured data. The results show that the maximum subsidence location and deformation direction of the mining area which monitored by the Offset Tracking technology are consistent with the measured data, and the error is only 1 cm. The results show that the Offset Tracking technology can accurately and effectively monitor the large deformation of coal mine subsidence area, and can provide basis for rational control of coal mine subsidence area

地域洪水に対する定量的な大規模脆弱性評価解析

本論文は、巨大スケールの洪水災害に対する脆弱性特徴づける手法を述べたものである。まず脆弱性を解析するための概念的枠組みを構築する。次に生物物理学的な脆弱性解析と社会的な脆弱性評価を考慮して、洪水災害に対する包括的な脆弱性を定量化する手法を述べ、2003年に発生した洪水事象のシナリオ解析に焦点を当てている。ここで確立された脆弱性評価のアプローチの有用性が中国・淮河流域において例証されている。最後に、包括的な脆弱性評価について議論している。本研究は、洪水災害に対する脆弱性を減少させるべき地域が明らかにし、またこのような増大する洪水の危険地域に居住する住民の回復能力を高める事に貢献するものである。The paper attempts to present a methodology for characterizing vulnerability to large-scale flood hazards. Firstly the conceptual framework for analyzing vulnerability to flood hazards is put forth. Then according to biophysical vulnerability analysis and social vulnerability assessment, it presents a methodology for quantifying holistic vulnerability to flood hazards, which is focusing on scenario analysis of a flood event occurred in 2003. The utility of this approach in an assessment of vulnerability is illustrated in the Huaihe River Basin, China. Finally, the evaluation of holistic vulnerability is discussed. This study helps illustrate the zones necessary to decrease vulnerability to flood hazards and strengthen their resilience while living with increasing floods.本論文は、巨大スケールの洪水災害に対する脆弱性特徴づける手法を述べたものである。まず脆弱性を解析するための概念的枠組みを構築する。次に生物物理学的な脆弱性解析と社会的な脆弱性評価を考慮して、洪水災害に対する包括的な脆弱性を定量化する手法を述べ、2003年に発生した洪水事象のシナリオ解析に焦点を当てている。ここで確立された脆弱性評価のアプローチの有用性が中国・淮河流域において例証されている。最後に、包括的な脆弱性評価について議論している。本研究は、洪水災害に対する脆弱性を減少させるべき地域が明らかにし、またこのような増大する洪水の危険地域に居住する住民の回復能力を高める事に貢献するものである。The paper attempts to present a methodology for characterizing vulnerability to large-scale flood hazards. Firstly the conceptual framework for analyzing vulnerability to flood hazards is put forth. Then according to biophysical vulnerability analysis and social vulnerability assessment, it presents a methodology for quantifying holistic vulnerability to flood hazards, which is focusing on scenario analysis of a flood event occurred in 2003. The utility of this approach in an assessment of vulnerability is illustrated in the Huaihe River Basin, China. Finally, the evaluation of holistic vulnerability is discussed. This study helps illustrate the zones necessary to decrease vulnerability to flood hazards and strengthen their resilience while living with increasing floods