4,114 research outputs found
Social Media as a Disguise and an Aid: Disabled Women in the Cyber Workforce in China
Existing literature shows that people living with physical impairment are systematically disadvantaged in the workforce and their voices are often silenced. With a perspective of intersectionality, this article looks into how disabled women suffer from multiple forms of discrimination and how social media may emerge as a tool of empowerment for them in both the workforce and their everyday lives. Drawing on five cases of Chinese disabled women in the cyber workforce, the study finds that the booming Internet economy enables more disabled women to financially support themselves. Social media appears as a cover for these women to disguise their disability identity and get more job opportunities. It serves as an aid in many cases to allow these women to increase social participation, to project their voice, and to form alliances. The risks and challenges that disabled women often encounter in the cyber workforce are also discussed
Influence of Initial State Errors on Perturbation Guidance Accuracy
The inertial navigation system is aligned and leveled before the launch of a long-range vehicle. However, the initial state errors caused by the non-uniformity of the Earth can influence the parameters in flight dynamics, which will bring about serious uncertainty for the impact point of a long-range vehicle. Firstly, this paper analyses the influence mechanism of initial state errors on nominal trajectory, navigation trajectory and guidance trajectory. Then, a propagation model of engine-cutoff state deviation caused by initial state errors is derived under the condition of without-guidance. On this basis, an accuracy analytical solution of initial state errors on perturbation guidance is finally proposed to obtain the real impact-point of the long-range vehicle. In the simulations, the influence properties of initial state errors on perturbation guidance is analysed, give influence regularities of single initial state error, and obtain the statistical properties of engine-cutoff state deviations and impact-point deviation by Monte Carlo technique. From the simulation results, it seems that the navigation state tracks the nominal state. However, the real impact- point deviation has not been truly eliminated, instead of the almost target-hit deviation calculated by navigation output. The proposed analytical guidance accuracy model can be rapidly computed to provide a compensation for guidance and control system to improve hit accuracy
Photometric Objects Around Cosmic Webs (PAC) Delineated in a Spectroscopic Survey. IV. High Precision Constraints on the Evolution of Stellar-Halo Mass Relation at Redshift
Taking advantage of the Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC) method
developed in Paper I, we measure the excess surface density
of photometric objects around spectroscopic objects
down to stellar mass , and
in the redshift ranges of , and
respectively, using the data from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
and the spectroscopic samples of Slogan Digital Sky Survey (i.e. Main, LOWZ and
CMASS samples). We model the measured in N-body
simulation using abundance matching method and constrain the stellar-halo mass
relations (SHMR) in the three redshift ranges to percent level. With the
accurate modeling, we demonstrate that the stellar mass scatter for given halo
mass is nearly a constant, and that the empirical form of Behroozi et al
describes the SHMR better than the double power law form at low mass. Our SHMR
accurately captures the downsizing of massive galaxies since , while
it also indicates that small galaxies are still growing faster than their host
halos. The galaxy stellar mass functions (GSMF) from our modeling are in
perfect agreement with the {\it model-independent} measurements in Paper III,
though the current work extends the GSMF to a much smaller stellar mass. Based
on the GSMF and SHMR, we derive the stellar mass completeness and halo
occupation distributions for the LOWZ and CMASS samples, which are useful for
correctly interpreting their cosmological measurements such as galaxy-galaxy
lensing and redshift space distortion.Comment: 18 + 9 (appendix) pages, 12 + 7 (appendix) figures. Main results in
Figure 6-9. Submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2207.1242
The Dependence of the Occupation of Galaxies on the Halo Formation Time
We study the dependence of the galaxy contents within halos on the halo
formation time using two galaxy formation models, one being a semianalytic
model utilizing the halo assembly history from a high resolution N-body
simulation and the other being a smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation
including radiative cooling, star formation, and energy feedback from galactic
winds. We confirm the finding by Gao et al. that at fixed mass, the clustering
of halos depends on the halo formation time, especially for low-mass halos.
This age dependence of halo clustering makes it desirable to study the
correlation between the occupation of galaxies within halos and the halo age.
We find that, in halos of fixed mass, the number of satellite galaxies has a
strong dependence on halo age, with fewer satellites in older halos. The
youngest one-third of the halos can have an order of magnitude more satellites
than the oldest one-third. For central galaxies, in halos that form earlier,
they tend to have more stars and thus appear to be more luminous, and the
dependence of their luminosity on halo age is not as strong as that of stellar
mass. The results can be understood through the star formation history in halos
and the merging of satellites onto central galaxies. The age dependence of the
galaxy contents within halos would constitute an important ingredient in a more
accurate halo-based model of galaxy clustering.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Accepted by ApJ Letters, emulateapj layout. Minor
changes. Poisson errors added in Figure 1. We remove the last figure, which
is available on http://bias.cosmo.fas.nyu.edu/galevolution/hod/f3.ep
Environmental Effects on Real-Space and Redshift-Space Galaxy Clustering
Galaxy formation inside dark matter halos, as well as the halo formation
itself, can be affected by large-scale environments. Evaluating the imprints of
environmental effects on galaxy clustering is crucial for precise cosmological
constraints with data from galaxy redshift surveys. We investigate such an
environmental impact on both real-space and redshift-space galaxy clustering
statistics using a semi-analytic model derived from the Millennium Simulation.
We compare clustering statistics from original SAM galaxy samples and shuffled
ones with environmental influence on galaxy properties eliminated. Among the
luminosity-threshold samples examined, the one with the lowest threshold
luminosity (~0.2L_*) is affected by environmental effects the most, which has a
~10% decrease in the real-space two-point correlation function (2PCF) after
shuffling. By decomposing the 2PCF into five different components based on the
source of pairs, we show that the change in the 2PCF can be explained by the
age and richness dependence of halo clustering. The 2PCFs in redshift space are
found to change in a similar manner after shuffling. If the environmental
effects are neglected, halo occupation distribution modeling of the real-space
and redshift-space clustering may have a less than 6.5% systematic uncertainty
in constraining beta from the most affected SAM sample and have substantially
smaller uncertainties from the other, more luminous samples. We argue that the
effect could be even smaller in reality. In the Appendix, we present a method
to decompose the 2PCF, which can be applied to measure the two-point
auto-correlation functions of galaxy sub-samples in a volume-limited galaxy
sample and their two-point cross-correlation functions in a single run
utilizing only one random catalog.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by AP
Guizhi-jia-houpu-xingzi decoction attenuates ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma via regulation of Toll-like receptor signal pathway
Purpose: To study the effect of Guizhi-jia-houpu-xingzi (GHX) on ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in rats.Methods: An animal model of allergic asthma (AA) in rats was established by intraperitoneal injection (ip) of ovalbumin (OVA). Thereafter, GHX (375 mg/kg) was administered orally for 7 days. Pulmonary function, inflammatory cells, immunoglobulin E (Ig) E, interleukin-4 (IL)-4 and interferon-γ (IFN)-γ in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were determined. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signal pathway was determined using real time polymerase chain reaction PCR (q-RT-PCR).Results: GHX (375 mg/kg) significantly decreased respiratory rate (p < 0.01) and Penh value (p < 0.05) when compared with AA rats. The inflammatory cells (p < 0.01) and levels of IL-4 (p < 0.01) and IgE (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased by GHX treatment when compared with AA rats; whereas IFN-γ (p < 0.05) was significantly increased. Furthermore, GHX significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of GATA binding protein (GATA)-3 (p < 0.01), TRL-2 (p < 0.01), TRL-4 (p < 0.01), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) (p < 0.01), TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (p < 0.01) and β-arrestin (p < 0.01) in lung tissues, relative to AA rats. However, GHX treatment led to significant up-regulation of mRNA expression of T-bet (p < 0.01).Conclusion: These results demonstrate that GHX possesses a potential for treating allergic asthma via regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal pathway. They also provide a scientific basis for the probable use of GHX in clinical treatment of allergic diseases in future.Keywords: Guizhi-jia-houpu-xingzi decoction, Ovalbumin, Allergic asthma, Toll-like recepto
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