The Thinking of “Negative List” Management Mode Implemented by Administrative Approval System

“Negative list” management as a key point in the economic system reform will be of great reference to deepen the reform of administrative approval system which can be regarded as a sally port to promote the transformation of government functions. This paper tries to analyses feasibility of the mode to promote administrative system reform and its key points and difficulties in the operation process by drawing lessons from “negative list” management in free trade area and the development of foreign experience as well as combining the characteristics of “negative list” management mode.

Diffuse Light Panels Slightly Increase Canopy Light Use Efficiency but Decrease Light Intensity and Canopy Photosynthesis of Lettuce

Over-absorption of light by the upper canopy limits light to the lower leaves and thus reduces canopy light use efficiency (photosynthesis per unit absorbed light). The objective of this study was to determine if increasing the fraction of diffuse light could increase canopy light use efficiency and photosynthesis

Accuracy of the Generic Equation to Convert CCI to Chlorophyll Concentration in the Apogee Model MC-100 Chlorophyll Concentration Meter

Chlorophyll strongly absorbs photons below 700 nm and transmits above 700 nm. Because of this property, chlorophyll concentration can be estimated by measuring the ratio of transmitted photons though a leaf at specific wavelengths. Chlorophyll concentration is then calculated using empirical relationships

Photons From NIR LEDs Can Delay Flowering in Short-Day Soybean and Cannabis: Implications for Phytochrome Activity

Photons during the dark period delay flowering in short-day plants (SDP). Red photons applied at night convert phytochromes to the active far-red absorbing form (Pfr), leading to inhibition of flowering. Far-red photons (greater than 700 nm) re-induce flowering when applied after a pulse of red photons during the dark period. However, far-red photons at sufficiently high intensity and duration delay flowering in sensitive species. Mechanistically, this response occurs because phytochrome-red (Pr) absorbance is not zero beyond 700 nm. We applied nighttime photons from near infrared (NIR) LEDs (peak 850 nm) over a 12 h dark period. Flowering was delayed in Glycine max and Cannabis sativa (two photosensitive species) by 3 and 12 days, respectively, as the flux of photons from NIR LEDs was increased up to 83 and 116 μmol m-2 s-1. This suggests that long wavelength photons from NIR LEDs can activate phytochromes (convert Pr to Pfr) and thus alter plant development

Phototrophic N2 and CO2 Fixation Using a Rhodopseudomonas palustris-H2 Mediated Electrochemical System With Infrared Photons

A promising approach for the synthesis of high value reduced compounds is to couple bacteria to the cathode of an electrochemical cell, with delivery of electrons from the electrode driving reductive biosynthesis in the bacteria. Such systems have been used to reduce CO2 to acetate and other C-based compounds. Here, we report an electrosynthetic system that couples a diazotrophic, photoautotrophic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1, to the cathode of an electrochemical cell through the mediator H2 that allows reductive capture of both CO2 and N2 with all of the energy coming from the electrode and infrared (IR) photons. R. palustris TIE-1 was shown to utilize a narrow band of IR radiation centered around 850 nm to support growth under both photoheterotrophic, non-diazotrophic and photoautotrophic, diazotrophic conditions with growth rates similar to those achieved using broad spectrum incandescent light. The bacteria were also successfully cultured in the cathodic compartment of an electrochemical cell with the sole source of electrons coming from electrochemically generated H2, supporting reduction of both CO2 and N2 using 850 nm photons as an energy source. Growth rates were similar to non-electrochemical conditions, revealing that the electrochemical system can fully support bacterial growth. Faradaic efficiencies for N2 and CO2 reduction were 8.5 and 47%, respectively. These results demonstrate that a microbial-electrode hybrid system can be used to achieve reduction and capture of both CO2 and N2 using low energy IR radiation and electrons provided by an electrode

Fork-Free Hybrid Consensus with Flexible Proof-of-Activity

Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain mechanism have been attracting much attention. One of their core innovations, Proof-of-Work (PoW), is notoriously inefficient which potentially motivates a centralization of computing power, defeating the original goal of decentralization. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is later proposed to replace PoW. However, both PoW and PoS have different inherent advantages and disadvantages, so does Proof-of-Activity (PoA) of Bentov et al. (SIGMETRICS 2014) which only offers limited combinations of two mechanisms. On the other hand, the hybrid consensus protocol of Pass and Shi (ePrint 16/917) aims to improve the efficiency by dynamically maintaining a rotating committee. Yet, there are unsatisfactory issues including chain forks and fair committee election. In this paper, we firstly devise a generalized variant of PoW. After that, we leverage our newly proposed generalized PoW to construct a fork-free hybrid consensus protocol, which addresses issues faced by the existing hybrid consensus mechanism. We further combine our fork-free hybrid consensus mechanism with PoS for a flexible version of PoA, which offers a flexible combination of PoW and PoS. Compared with Bentov et al.’s PoA, our “flexible PoA” improves the efficiency and provides more flexible combinations of PoW and PoS, resulting in a more powerful and applicable consensus protocol

Goshawk: A Novel Efficient, Robust and Flexible Blockchain Protocol

Proof of Work (PoW), a fundamental blockchain protocol, has been widely applied and thoroughly testifed in various decentralized cryptocurrencies, due to its intriguing merits including trustworthy sustainability, robustness against sybil attack, delicate incentive-compatibility, and openness to any participant. Meanwhile, PoW-powered blockchains still suffer from poor efciency, potential selfsh mining, to-be-optimized fairness and extreme inconvenience of protocol upgrading. Therefore, it is of great interest to design new PoW-based blockchain protocol to address or relieve the above issues so as to make it more applicable and feasible. To do so, frstly we take advantage of the basic framework (i.e., two-layer chain structure) adopted in Bitcoin-NG which was introduced by Eyal et al. to extend the throughput of Bitcoin-derived blockchains signifcantly via blocks of a two-layer structure, inheriting the high throughput merit while ridding off the vulnerability to the attack of microblock swamping in Bitcoin-NG as well as attaining a better fairness property, by presenting two-level mining mechanism and incorporating this mechanism into the two-layer chain structure. Furthermore, to tackle the selfsh mining issue, strengthen the robustness against the “51%” attack of PoW miners, and offer the flexibility for future protocol updating effectively, we borrow the idea of ticket-voting mechanism from DASH and Decred, and combine it with our improved structure elaborately to build a novel efcient, robust and flexible blockchain protocol (named Goshawk). Last but not the least, this scheme has been implemented and deployed in the testnet of the public blockchain project Hcash for months, and has demonstrated its stability and high efciency with such real-world test

Estrogen regulates Hippo signaling via GPER in breast cancer

The G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates both the genomic and nongenomic effects of estrogen and has been implicated in breast cancer development. Here, we compared GPER expression in cancerous tissue and adjacent normal tissue in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and determined that GPER is highly upregulated in cancerous cells. Additionally, our studies revealed that GPER stimulation activates yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding domain (TAZ), 2 homologous transcription coactivators and key effectors of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, via the Gαq-11, PLCβ/PKC, and Rho/ROCK signaling pathways. TAZ was required for GPER-induced gene transcription, breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, and tumor growth. Moreover, TAZ expression positively correlated with GPER expression in human IDC specimens. Together, our results suggest that the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway is a key downstream signaling branch of GPER and plays a critical role in breast tumorigenesis

Efficacy and safety of single-pill amlodipine/losartan versus losartan in patients with inadequately controlled hypertension after losartan treatment: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized phase III clinical trial

ObjectiveSingle-pill amlodipine besylate (AML) plus losartan (LOS) has been used to treat inadequately controlled hypertension after antihypertensive monotherapy; however, relevant data in China are limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of single-pill AML/LOS and LOS alone in Chinese patients with inadequately controlled hypertension after LOS treatment.MethodsIn this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled phase III clinical trial, patients with inadequately controlled hypertension after 4 weeks of LOS treatment were randomized to receive daily single-pill AML/LOS (5/100 mg, AML/LOS group, N = 154) or LOS (100 mg, LOS group, N = 153) tablets for 8 weeks. At weeks 4 and 8 of treatment, sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressure (sitDBP and sitSBP, respectively) and the BP target achievement rate were assessed.ResultsAt week 8, the sitDBP change from baseline was greater in the AML/LOS group than in the LOS group (−8.84 ± 6.86 vs. −2.65 ± 7.62 mmHg, P < 0.001). In addition, the AML/LOS group also showed greater sitDBP change from baseline to week 4 (−8.77 ± 6.60 vs. −2.99 ± 7.05 mmHg) and sitSBP change from baseline to week 4 (−12.54 ± 11.65 vs. −2.36 ± 10.33 mmHg) and 8 (−13.93 ± 10.90 vs. −2.38 ± 12.71 mmHg) (all P < 0.001). Moreover, the BP target achievement rates at weeks 4 (57.1% vs. 25.3%, P < 0.001) and 8 (58.4% vs. 28.1%, P < 0.001) were higher in the AML/LOS group than those in the LOS group. Both treatments were safe and tolerable.ConclusionSingle-pill AML/LOS is superior to LOS monotherapy for controlling BP and is safe and well tolerated in Chinese patients with inadequately controlled hypertension after LOS treatment