FpSynt: a fixed-point datapath synthesis tool for embedded systems

Digital mobile systems must function with low power, small size and weight, and low cost. High-performance desktop microprocessors, with built-in floating point hardware, are not suitable in these cases. For embedded systems, it can be advantageous to implement these calculations with fixed point arithmetic instead. We present an automated fixed-point data path synthesis tool FpSynt for designing embedded applications in fixed-point domain with sufficient accuracy for most applications. FpSynt is available under the GNU General Public License from the following GitHub repository: http://github.com/izhbannikov/FPSYN

Allocating the chains of consecutive additions for optimal fixed-point data path synthesis

Minimization of computational errors in the fixed-point data path is often difficult task. Many signal processing algorithms use chains of consecutive additions. The analyzing technique that can be applied to fixed-point data path synthesis has been proposed. This technique takes advantage of allocating the chains of consecutive additions in order to predict growing width of the data path and minimize the design complexity and computational errors

Коррекция гемодинамики гипертоническим раствором хлорида натрия при критических состояниях

Objective: to assess the capabilities of small-volume hypertonic infusion in the context of early goal-directed therapy for critical conditions in surgical patients.Subjects and methods. Twenty-nine patients (SAPS II 47.5±6.81 scores) operated on for generalized peritonitis (n=24) or severe concomitant injury with damages to chest and/or abdominal organs (n=5) who had the clinical and laboratory signs of a systemic inflammatory reaction were intravenously injected 4 ml/kg of 7.5% of hypertonic sodium chloride solution (HS) and colloidal solution, followed by infusion and, if indicated, inotropic maintenance of hemodynamics for 6 hours in order to achieve the goal vales of mean blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure (CVP), central venous blood oxygen saturation (ScvO2), and diuresis. Plasma concentrations of sodium, chlorine, and lactate, acid-base balance, and osmotic blood pressure were monitored.Results. The patients were found to have infusion therapy-refractory critical arterial hypotension, low ScvO2, and oliguria before small-volume circulation maintenance. In all the patients, HS infusion originally caused a rapid rise in BP up to the goal value, with its further colloid infusion maintenance requiring additional dopamine infusion in 12 patients and red blood cell transfusion in 3. This could stabilize over 6 hours BP at the required level in 25 patients, in 9 of whom CVP only approximated the goal value. All the patients were found to have a significant increase in ScvO2 up to an average of 68% in response to HP infusion after 30—60 minutes; in 14 out of them ScvO2 exceeded 70%. By hour 6, ScvO2 stabilized at its goal level in 23 (79%) examinees. Administration of HS caused a significantly increased diuresis. In patients with recovered renal function, the observed hypernatremia, hyperchloremia with hyperchloremic acidosis were transient.Conclusion. The results of the study show it possible to include small-volume hypertonic infusion at the starting stage of early goal-directed therapy, the net result of which will be determined by the recovery of water-electrolyte homeostasis. Цель исследования — оценка возможностей малообъемной гипертонической инфузии с позиций ранней целенаправленной терапии критических состояний хирургических больных.Материалы и методы. 29-и больным (SAPS II 47,5±6,81 баллов), прооперированным по поводу разлитого перитонита (24), тяжелой сочетанной травмы с повреждением органов груди и/или живота (5), имеющим клинические и лабораторные признаки системной воспалительной реакции, для достижения целевых значений среднего артериального давления (АД), центрального венозного давления (ЦВД), насыщения кислородом крови в центральной вене (ScvO2) и диуреза, внутривенно вводили 4 мл/кг 7,5% раствора хлорида натрия (ГР) и коллоидного раствора с последующей инфузионной и, по показаниям, инотропной поддержкой гемодинамики на протяжении 6 часов. Мониторировались плазменная концентрация натрия, хлора, лактата, кислотно-основное состояние и осмотическое давление крови.Результаты. До малообъемной поддержки кровообращения у больных отмечались критическая артериальная гипотензия, рефрактерная к проводимой инфузионной терапии, низкая ScvO2, олигурия. Инфузия ГР первоначально приводила у всех больных к быстрому подъему АД до целевого значения с его дальнейшей инфузионной поддержкой коллоидами, к которой у 12 больных потребовались дополнительная инфузия допмина, и у 3 — трансфузия эритроцитов. Это позволило за 6 часов стабилизировать на требуемом уровне АД у 25 больных, у 9 из которых показатели ЦВД только приблизились к целевому значению. В ответ на инфузию ГР у всех больных через 30—60 минут отмечалось достоверное повышение ScvO2 в среднем до 68%, причем у 14 из них ScvO2 превысила 70% . К 6 часам ScvO2 стабилизировалась на уровне своего целевого значения у 23 больных, т. е. у 79% исследованных. Введение ГР вызывало к этому времени выраженное увеличение диуреза. У больных с восстановленной функцией почек наблюдавшиеся гипернатриемия, гиперхлоремия с гиперхлоремическим ацидозом имели транзиторный характер.Заключение. Результаты исследования показывают возможность включения малообъемной гипертонической инфузии в стартовый этап ранней целенаправленной терапии, конечный результат которого будет определяться восстановлением водно-электролитного гомеостаза организма.

Preprocessing Algorithms and Software for Genomic Studies with High-Throughput Sequencing Data

DNA sequencing technologies address problems, the solutions of which were not possible before, such as whole genome sequencing or microbial community characterization without pre-cultivation. Current High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) techniques allow genomic studies in small labs as well as in large genomic centers. Together with modern computational software, HTS becomes a powerful tool, which allows researchers to answer important biological questions in novel ways. Despite the advantages of modern HTS technologies, large amounts of data and accompanying noise in HTS library confound bioinformatic analysis. Data preprocessing is needed in order to prepare data for subsequent analysis. Data preprocessing includes noise removal as well as techniques such as data reduction. In this dissertation I present a set of software tools that may be used in genomic studies in order to prepare HTS data for subsequent bioinformatic analysis. The first two chapters in this dissertation describe preprocessing tools developed for data denoising. In the last two chapters I explore the use of multiple genomic markers in 16S data analysis with a meta-amplicon analysis algorithm, which facilitates usage of all the information that can be obtained with 16S amplicon sequencing. Meta-amplicon analysis represents improvements on current methods used to characterize bacterial composition and community structure.Thesis (Ph.D., Bioinformatics & Computational Biology) -- University of Idaho, 201