8 research outputs found
Genotoxicity of a carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene for cells of neuronal differentiation lineage
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»-9,10-ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ (BPDE) β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ BPDE Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ PC12 ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ BPDE. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² BPDE Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
PC12 ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
BPDE Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ PC12 ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² BPDE ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, BPDE ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ BPDE Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»-9,10-ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Ρ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»-9,10-Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ (BPDE) β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² BPDE Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°- Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ PC12 ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ BPDE. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² BPDE Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
PC12 Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· BPDE ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ PC12 ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² BPDE Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΡΠΆ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠ². ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ BPDE ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² BPDE Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΡΠ»- ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ΅, Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»-9.10-Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π³ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°.Aim. Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) is the major metabolite of an environmental carcinogen, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene. The effects BPDE could have on neuronal cells progenitors are mostly uncharacterized. Methods. We have studied survival and morphology of cultured PC12 cells and mouse embryonic hippocampal neurons in the presence of BPDE. We have also used post-labeling to compare accumulation of BPDE adducts in cultured PC12 cells and fibroblasts. Results. The survival of cells and the level of adducts depended on the type of extracellular matrix to which the cells were attached. At tolerated BPDE doses, the adducts formed by this metabolite were efficiently repaired. In PC12 cells, BPDE toxicity and the level of adducts was generally lower than in fibroblasts. Conclusions. Overall, BPDE may be detrimental for develo- ping neural tissue. However, the effects of BPDE on cells with the ability to differentiate into the neuronal lineage may depend on the cell microenvironment.
Keywords: DNA damage, DNA repair, genotoxicity, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide, neuronal lineage
Recognition but no repair of abasic site in single-stranded DNA by human ribosomal uS3 protein residing within intact 40S subunit
Isolated human ribosomal protein uS3 has extra-ribosomal functions including those related to base excision DNA repair, e.g. AP lyase activity that nicks double-stranded (ds) DNA 3' to the abasic (AP) site. However, the ability of uS3 residing within ribosome to recognize and cleave damaged DNA has never been addressed. Here, we compare interactions of single-stranded (ss) DNA and dsDNA bearing AP site with human ribosome-bound uS3 and with the isolated protein, whose interactions with ssDNA were not yet studied. The AP lyase activity of free uS3 was much higher with ssDNA than with dsDNA, whereas ribosome-bound uS3 was completely deprived of this activity. Nevertheless, an exposed peptide of ribosome-bound uS3 located far away from the putative catalytic center previously suggested for isolated uS3 cross-linked to full-length uncleaved ssDNA, but not to dsDNA. In contrast, free uS3 cross-linked mainly to the 5'-part of the damaged DNA strand after its cleavage at the AP site. ChIP-seq analysis showed preferential uS3 binding to nucleolus-associated chromatin domains. We conclude that free and ribosome-bound uS3 proteins interact with AP sites differently, exhibiting their non-translational functions in DNA repair in and around the nucleolus and in regulation of DNA damage response in looped DNA structures, respectively
Human and bacterial DNA polymerases discriminate against 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine- 5'-triphosphate
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ β ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ dNTP. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2'-Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½-5'-ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΠ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ I Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» oA Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ oA Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ b β Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ oA Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ dATP.
KΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½, ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ β ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π°ΡΠΎ- ΡΡΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π· ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΠΠ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ dNTP. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ± ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2'-Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½-5'-ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΠΠΠ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ- ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ- ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ I Π· Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π² oA Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ oA Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ b β Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ½Ρ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π―ΠΊ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ oA Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π½ΡΠΆ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ dATP.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ, 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½, ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ.Aim. 8-Oxoadenine is an abundant DNA lesion associated with cancer and neurodegeneration. It may appear through direct oxidation of adenine in DNA or by incorporation from the oxidized dNTP pool. Methods. We developed an efficient method of synthesizing 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate and studied its incorporation by various DNA polymerases. Results. oA was weakly misincorporated opposite guanine by the DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment. Limited incorporation of oA was observed opposite guanine and adenine with DNA polymerase a, and opposite adenine, thymine and guanine with DNA polymerase b. Conclusions. Adenine oxidation in DNA may outweigh damage to dATP as a source of genomic oA.
Keywords: mutagenesis, DNA damage, oxidative stress, 8-oxoadenine, DNA polymerases
Modeling the Subsurface Structure of Sunspots
While sunspots are easily observed at the solar surface, determining their
subsurface structure is not trivial. There are two main hypotheses for the
subsurface structure of sunspots: the monolithic model and the cluster model.
Local helioseismology is the only means by which we can investigate
subphotospheric structure. However, as current linear inversion techniques do
not yet allow helioseismology to probe the internal structure with sufficient
confidence to distinguish between the monolith and cluster models, the
development of physically realistic sunspot models are a priority for
helioseismologists. This is because they are not only important indicators of
the variety of physical effects that may influence helioseismic inferences in
active regions, but they also enable detailed assessments of the validity of
helioseismic interpretations through numerical forward modeling. In this paper,
we provide a critical review of the existing sunspot models and an overview of
numerical methods employed to model wave propagation through model sunspots. We
then carry out an helioseismic analysis of the sunspot in Active Region 9787
and address the serious inconsistencies uncovered by
\citeauthor{gizonetal2009}~(\citeyear{gizonetal2009,gizonetal2009a}). We find
that this sunspot is most probably associated with a shallow, positive
wave-speed perturbation (unlike the traditional two-layer model) and that
travel-time measurements are consistent with a horizontal outflow in the
surrounding moat.Comment: 73 pages, 19 figures, accepted by Solar Physic
Local Helioseismology of Sunspots: Current Status and Perspectives (Invited Review)
Mechanisms of the formation and stability of sunspots are among the
longest-standing and intriguing puzzles of solar physics and astrophysics.
Sunspots are controlled by subsurface dynamics hidden from direct observations.
Recently, substantial progress in our understanding of the physics of the
turbulent magnetized plasma in strong-field regions has been made by using
numerical simulations and local helioseismology. Both the simulations and
helioseismic measurements are extremely challenging, but it becomes clear that
the key to understanding the enigma of sunspots is a synergy between models and
observations. Recent observations and radiative MHD numerical models have
provided a convincing explanation to the Evershed flows in sunspot penumbrae.
Also, they lead to the understanding of sunspots as self-organized magnetic
structures in the turbulent plasma of the upper convection zone, which are
maintained by a large-scale dynamics. Local helioseismic diagnostics of
sunspots still have many uncertainties, some of which are discussed in this
review. However, there have been significant achievements in resolving these
uncertainties, verifying the basic results by new high-resolution observations,
testing the helioseismic techniques by numerical simulations, and comparing
results obtained by different methods. For instance, a recent analysis of
helioseismology data from the Hinode space mission has successfully resolved
several uncertainties and concerns (such as the inclined-field and phase-speed
filtering effects) that might affect the inferences of the subsurface
wave-speed structure of sunspots and the flow pattern. It becomes clear that
for the understanding of the phenomenon of sunspots it is important to further
improve the helioseismology methods and investigate the whole life cycle of
active regions, from magnetic-flux emergence to dissipation.Comment: 34 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Solar Physic
Genotoxicity of a carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene for cells of neuronal differentiation lineage
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»-9,10-ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ (BPDE) β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ BPDE Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ PC12 ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ BPDE. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² BPDE Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
PC12 ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
BPDE Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ PC12 ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² BPDE ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, BPDE ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ BPDE Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»-9,10-ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Ρ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»-9,10-Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ (BPDE) β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² BPDE Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°- Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ PC12 ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ BPDE. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² BPDE Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
PC12 Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· BPDE ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ PC12 ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² BPDE Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΡΠΆ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠ². ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ BPDE ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² BPDE Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΡΠ»- ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ΅, Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎ[a]ΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π½-7,8-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»-9.10-Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π³ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°.Aim. Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) is the major metabolite of an environmental carcinogen, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene. The effects BPDE could have on neuronal cells progenitors are mostly uncharacterized. Methods. We have studied survival and morphology of cultured PC12 cells and mouse embryonic hippocampal neurons in the presence of BPDE. We have also used post-labeling to compare accumulation of BPDE adducts in cultured PC12 cells and fibroblasts. Results. The survival of cells and the level of adducts depended on the type of extracellular matrix to which the cells were attached. At tolerated BPDE doses, the adducts formed by this metabolite were efficiently repaired. In PC12 cells, BPDE toxicity and the level of adducts was generally lower than in fibroblasts. Conclusions. Overall, BPDE may be detrimental for develo- ping neural tissue. However, the effects of BPDE on cells with the ability to differentiate into the neuronal lineage may depend on the cell microenvironment.
Keywords: DNA damage, DNA repair, genotoxicity, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide, neuronal lineage
Human and bacterial DNA polymerases discriminate against 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine- 5'-triphosphate
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½ β ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ dNTP. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2'-Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½-5'-ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΠ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ I Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» oA Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ oA Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ b β Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ oA Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ dATP.
KΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ½, ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ β ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π°ΡΠΎ- ΡΡΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π· ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΠΠ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ dNTP. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ± ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎ-2'-Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½-5'-ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΠΠΠ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ- ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. Π€ΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ- ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ I Π· Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π² oA Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ oA Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ b β Π½Π°Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ½Ρ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π―ΠΊ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ oA Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π½ΡΠΆ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ dATP.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΌΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ, 8-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½, ΠΠΠ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ.Aim. 8-Oxoadenine is an abundant DNA lesion associated with cancer and neurodegeneration. It may appear through direct oxidation of adenine in DNA or by incorporation from the oxidized dNTP pool. Methods. We developed an efficient method of synthesizing 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate and studied its incorporation by various DNA polymerases. Results. oA was weakly misincorporated opposite guanine by the DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment. Limited incorporation of oA was observed opposite guanine and adenine with DNA polymerase a, and opposite adenine, thymine and guanine with DNA polymerase b. Conclusions. Adenine oxidation in DNA may outweigh damage to dATP as a source of genomic oA.
Keywords: mutagenesis, DNA damage, oxidative stress, 8-oxoadenine, DNA polymerases