Adult and Reparative Neurogenesis in Fish Brain

The fish brain has a unique feature of vertebrates—it grows with the growth of body over a lifetime. In this regard, fishes are a convenient model for the study of embryonic and postembryonic development of the central nervous system and of the influence of different factors on these processes. Currently, the mechanisms of adult brain morphogenesis of fish, which retain larval stage for a long time, are poorly understood. This is particularly true for participation of radial glia during morphogenesis of the brain, as well as the presence and distribution of the proliferative zone in the adult fish brain. Another interesting and little known aspect is the posttraumatic ability of fish to form active neurogenic niches. Investigation of the structural organizations of neurogenic niches and special conditions of the extracellular environment, as well as the interactions between neighboring cells in a neurogenic niche, is interesting and relevant direction in the study of the neuronal stem cells biology. Injury of fish brain creates special conditions for the implementation of genetic programs aimed at strengthening the proliferation of progenitor cells, as well as the activation and proliferation activity in the neuronal stem cells

Оценка влияния фульвовой кислоты на размножение данио рерио

Проведенные исследования установили, что добавление фульвовой кислоты в корм в концентрациях 1 и 5 % оказывает положительное влияние на сумму, среднее количество, медиану количества оплодотворенных эмбрионов; 5 % –отрицательное влияние на количество успешных нерестов половозрелых особей данио рерио

Влияние кормовой добавки «Купрум-Актив» на выживаемость и поведение личинок модельного объекта данио рерио в эксперименте in vivo

Исследования установили, что при концентрации кормовой добавки 20 мг/л и выше наблюдался остротоксический эффект, который выражался в виде 100 % смертности эмбрионов. Наименее токсичными (нетоксичными) концентрациями для эмбрионов были 0,5 мг/л, 2,5 мг/л и 5 мг/л (выживаемость 100%)

Влияние фульвовой кислоты на выживаемость, жизнестойкость и поведение личинок модельного объекта данио рерио в эксперименте in vivo

Проведенные исследования установили, что фульвовая кислота при внесении 60 %-го концентрата в инкубационные среды для эмбрионов модельного объекта данио рерио не оказывает эмбриотоксический эффект в дозировках 0,1 – 1 %. При дозировке 5 % был обнаружен эмбриотоксический эффект, который выражался в снижении выживаемости эмбрионов и личинок, а также в снижении двигательной активности свободных эмбрионов. Дозировки 0,1– 0,5 % оказывают стимулирующее влияние личинок данио рерио в тесте на жизнестойкость

ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, APOA5, APOB, APOC2, APOC3, LDLR, PCSK9, LPL gene variants and coronary artery disease risk

Aim. To study the contribution of rare and low-frequency variants of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, APOA5, APOB, APOC2, APOC3, LDLR, PCSK9, LPL genes in assessing the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a cohort of Russian patients with various cardiovascular risks.Material and methods. The study was conducted on a sample of participants in cohort and epidemiological studies (n=2405). Targeted enrichment of coding sequences and exon-intron regions of nine genes (ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, APOA5, APOB, APOC2, APOC3, LDLR, PCSK9, LPL) was performed. Genetic diagnostics was carried out by next generation sequencing.Results. CAD was confirmed in 267 patients (11%). After genetic diagnosis, all patients were divided into three following groups: individuals with previously described genetic variants associated with elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and/or triglycerides (TGs); individuals with genetic variants associated with reduced levels of LDL-C and/or TGs; individuals without genetic variants associated with LDL-C and/or TG levels, or with two or more variants with opposite effects on LDL-C and/or TG levels. Kaplan-Meier method revealed that the groups significantly differ in cumulative risk of CAD (p<0,001 for the log-rank test), the maximum risk was in group 1, and the minimum risk in group 2. When conducting the Cox regression, we found that in persons from group 1, the hazard ratio (HR) for CAD is 2,63 times higher (HR =2,63, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,6-4,34; p><0,001), and in persons from group 2 lower by 1,88 times (HR =0,53, 95% CI, 0,3-0,98; p=0,042) compared with persons from group 3, adjusted for other CAD risk factors: sex, age, smoking, LDL-C and hypertension. Conclusion. Genetic testing in young patients makes it possible to identify individuals with an increased genetic risk of CAD and to focus preventive and therapeutic measures primarily for this category of patients. Keywords: coronary artery disease, cardiovascular diseases, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, genetic testing. Relationships and Activities: none. 1National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow; 2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow; 3E. I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow; 4Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; 5Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.><0,001 for the log-rank test), the maximum risk was in group 1, and the minimum risk in group 2. When conducting the Cox regression, we found that in persons from group 1, the hazard ratio (HR) for CAD is 2,63 times higher (HR =2,63, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,6-4,34; p<0,001), and in persons from group 2 lower by 1,88 times (HR =0,53, 95% CI, 0,3-0,98; p=0,042) compared with persons from group 3, adjusted for other CAD risk factors: sex, age, smoking, LDL-C and hypertension.Conclusion. Genetic testing in young patients makes it possible to identify individuals with an increased genetic risk of CAD and to focus preventive and therapeutic measures primarily for this category of patients

Multiparametric optical bioimaging reveals the fate of epoxy crosslinked biomeshes in the mouse subcutaneous implantation model

Biomeshes based on decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP) are widely used in reconstructive surgery due to their wide availability and the attractive biomechanical properties. However, their efficacy in clinical applications is often affected by the uncontrolled immunogenicity and proteolytic degradation. To address this issue, we present here in vivo multiparametric imaging analysis of epoxy crosslinked DBPs to reveal their fate after implantation. We first analyzed the structure of the crosslinked DBP using scanning electron microscopy and evaluated proteolytic stability and cytotoxicity. Next, using combination of fluorescence and hypoxia imaging, X-ray computed microtomography and histology techniques we studied the fate of DBPs after subcutaneous implantation in animals. Our approach revealed high resistance to biodegradation, gradual remodeling of a surrounding tissue forming the connective tissue capsule and calcification of crosslinked DBPs. These changes were concomitant to the development of hypoxia in the samples within 3 weeks after implantation and subsequent induction of angiogenesis and vascularization. Collectively, presented approach provides new insights on the transplantation of the epoxy crosslinked biomeshes, the risks associated with its applications in soft-tissue reconstruction and can be transferred to studies of other types of implants

ACTIVITY OF FREE RADICAL OXIDATION AND CYCLOOXYGENASE EXPRESSION IN RATS KIDNEYS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY OF OXALATE NEPHROLITHIASIS WITH TETRAPEPTIDE Leu-Ile-Lys-Met

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide on the activity of free radical oxidation (FRO) and the level of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 expression in rat kidney with experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 30 male rats Wistar runoff, divided into 3 groups: the comparison group (10 intact rats), the control group (6 weeks of experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis simulation, n = 10), the experimental group (6 weeks of experimental simulation oxalate nephrolithiasis + oral administration of Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide at a dose of 12 mg/kg from the 3rd to the 6th week, n = 10). The oxalate nephrolithiasis was simulated according to conventional ethylene glycol model. COX-1 and COX-2 concentration in rat urine at baseline and after 6 weeks of experimental nephrolithiasis was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 and 2 (PTGS 1, 2) kit from «Cloud-Clone Corp.». In rat kidney homogenate, the activity indicators of FRO processes were determined by common methods. Results and discussion. At the background of the Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide, free radical kidney damage was weakened, which was manifested in the complete absence of morphological signs of nephrolithiasis, decrease of thiobarbituric acid-reactive product concentration and overall prooxidant activity as compared to the control group; glutathione peroxidase activity, on the contrary, increased by 1.5 times

ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ ПЛОСКОКЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА КОЖИ ЩЕКИ (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

The  results  of the  clinical observation  of a female  patient  with squamous cell carcinoma  of the  cheek  skin treated  by the  method of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer of fotoditazin are represented. The patient  had single course of PDT. Fotoditazin was injected in a dose of 0.8 mg/kg of body weight as a single intravenous  infusion in 0.9% sodium chloride. The irradiation was performed  once, 2.5 h after injection of the photosensitizer (power density of laser irradiation – 200-300 mW/cm2, light dose of a single session of 300-350 J/ cm2). There were no side effects after photosensitizer injection and after irradiation. The result of the treatment was defined as partial tumor regression. For nowadays the follow-up period is 2 months. The repeated course of PDT is scheduled.Приведены результаты клинического наблюдения за пациенткой с плоскоклеточным раком кожи щеки, пролеченной методом фотодинамической терапии с фотосенсибилизатором фотодитазин. Пациентке проведен  однократный  курс фотодинамической  терапии. Фотодитазин вводили в дозе 0,8 мг/кг массы тела путем однократной  внутривенной инфузии в 0,9%-ом растворе  натрия хлорида. Облучение проводили  однократно, через 2,5 ч после введения  фотосенсибилизатора (плотность мощности лазерного  излучения – 200-300 мВт/см2, световая доза одного сеанса – 300-350 Дж/см2. Побочных эффектов после введения фотосенсибилизатора и проведения облучения не зарегистрировано. Результат лечения оценен как частичная регрессия опухоли. В настоящее время пациентка находится под динамическим наблюдением, срок наблюдения 2 мес. Планируется проведение повторного курса ФДТ

Matrix Protein 2 Vaccination and Protection against Influenza Viruses, Including Subtype H5N1

Vaccination of mice with influenza matrix protein 2 induced cross-reactive antibody responses

Genetic landscape in Russian patients with familial left ventricular noncompaction

BackgroundLeft ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a disorder that can be complicated by heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study is to clarify the genetic landscape of LVNC in a large cohort of well-phenotyped Russian patients with LVNC, including 48 families (n=214).MethodsAll index patients underwent clinical examination and genetic analysis, as well as family members who agreed to participate in the clinical study and/or in the genetic testing. The genetic testing included next generation sequencing and genetic classification according to ACMG guidelines.ResultsA total of 55 alleles of 54 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 24 genes were identified, with the largest number in the MYH7 and TTN genes. A significant proportion of variants −8 of 54 (14.8%) −have not been described earlier in other populations and may be specific to LVNC patients in Russia. In LVNC patients, the presence of each subsequent variant is associated with increased odds of having more severe LVNC subtypes than isolated LVNC with preserved ejection fraction. The corresponding odds ratio is 2.77 (1.37 −7.37; p <0.001) per variant after adjustment for sex, age, and family.ConclusionOverall, the genetic analysis of LVNC patients, accompanied by cardiomyopathy-related family history analysis, resulted in a high diagnostic yield of 89.6%. These results suggest that genetic screening should be applied to the diagnosis and prognosis of LVNC patients