Probing the formation and optical properties of Ti³⁺–TiO₂ with (001) exposed crystal facet by ethanol-assisted fluorination

In TiO2 based photocatalysis, it is crucial to conceal the catalytically active Ti3+ defect sites inside the crystal, since the Ti3+ defects on the surface can be rapidly lost after capturing O2 molecules in the air. In this work, we report a novel method to synthesize TiO2 with Ti3+ defects that are exclusively embedded in the bulk lattice near the surface. We show that the binary synthetic system consisting of ethanol and HF is indispensable for the precise location control of the formed Ti3+ defects, and the near-surface bulk Ti3+ defects can only be formed under the coexistence of both these reagents. The underlying mechanism of achieving such remarkable control of the position of the Ti3+ defect sites was clarified by extensive analysis through X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, electron spin resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as theoretical simulation using the DFT+U method. We show that ethanol plays a crucial role in assisting fluorine atoms adsorbing on the exposed (001) crystal facets, penetrating the near-surface bulk lattice and inducing Ti3+ defect formation via substitution of oxygen atoms

The crystal structure of ethyl 5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate, C₂₅H₂₁NO₂S

Abstract C25H21NO2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.21802(18) Å, b = 7.42687(17) Å, c = 34.2757(8) Å, β = 91.149(2)°, V = 2091.57(8) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0388, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1337, T = 293(2) K.</jats:p

Growth opportunity bias

Growth opportunity bias (GOB ), measured as the difference between market and fundamental values of a firm’s growth opportunity, has an ability to predict future stock returns. In the portfolio sort, low-GOB firms earn higher returns than high-GOB firms, which is unexplained by the common asset pricing models. Cross-sectional regression results also confirm GOB ’s power in predicting stock returns. Given the inability of the risk-based methods in explaining the GOB premium, we turn to behavioral approaches to gain a better understanding of the anomaly. We find that the GOB premium is more pronounced when investor sentiment is high or when limits-to-arbitrage is severe, which suggests that the GOB is more likely to capture behavioral biases than systematic risk.nt is high or when limits-to-arbitrage is severe, which suggests thatthe GOB is more likely to capture behavioral biases than systematic risk

The crystal structure of (<i>E</i>)-4-((4-(diethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diphenylaniline, C₂₉H₂₉N₃

Abstract C29H29N3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.677(4) Å, b = 11.325(4) Å, c = 21.530(8) Å, α = 88.026(5)°, β = 75.646(5)°, γ = 71.504(4)°, V = 2389.0(15) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0663, wR ref(F 2) = 0.2002, T = 293(2) K.</jats:p

Optimizing Printing Fidelity Of The Single-Nozzle Based Multimaterial Direct Ink Writing For 3D Food Printing

Single-nozzle based multimaterial direct ink writing enables voxel-based fabrication with superior printing efficiency than multi-nozzle protocol. This is attractive for food 3D printing process where efficiency matters for its application. However, for single-nozzle based process, the presence of residual material in the shared channel can affect its printing fidelity. In this study, we propose a path planning algorithm that can address this issue by incorporating (i) advance distance to compensate the extrusion delay when switching materials, and (ii) in-process printhead motion adjustments to stabilise the extrusion process. Our approach demonstrated a substantial improvement in printing fidelity, where the switching point offset was reduced to ±0.5 mm. Similarly, the unstable extrusion behaviours (bulging and necking) during switching materials were suppressed, where the printing fidelity was improved by 27 ± 5% (bulging) and 19 ± 3% (necking) respectively. Additionally, we provide an open-source slicing programme that empowers users to implement the above two algorithms

An Interferometry Imaging Beauty Contest

We present a formal comparison of the performance of algorithms used for synthesis imaging with optical/infrared long-baseline interferometers. Six different algorithms are evaluated based on their performance with simulated test data. Each set of test data is formated in the interferometry Data Exchange Standard and is designed to simulate a specific problem relevant to long-baseline imaging. The data are calibrated power spectra and bispectra measured with a ctitious array, intended to be typical of existing imaging interferometers. The strengths and limitations of each algorithm are discussed