310 research outputs found
CAVER: Cross-Modal View-Mixed Transformer for Bi-Modal Salient Object Detection
Most of the existing bi-modal (RGB-D and RGB-T) salient object detection
methods utilize the convolution operation and construct complex interweave
fusion structures to achieve cross-modal information integration. The inherent
local connectivity of the convolution operation constrains the performance of
the convolution-based methods to a ceiling. In this work, we rethink these
tasks from the perspective of global information alignment and transformation.
Specifically, the proposed \underline{c}ross-mod\underline{a}l
\underline{v}iew-mixed transform\underline{er} (CAVER) cascades several
cross-modal integration units to construct a top-down transformer-based
information propagation path. CAVER treats the multi-scale and multi-modal
feature integration as a sequence-to-sequence context propagation and update
process built on a novel view-mixed attention mechanism. Besides, considering
the quadratic complexity w.r.t. the number of input tokens, we design a
parameter-free patch-wise token re-embedding strategy to simplify operations.
Extensive experimental results on RGB-D and RGB-T SOD datasets demonstrate that
such a simple two-stream encoder-decoder framework can surpass recent
state-of-the-art methods when it is equipped with the proposed components.Comment: Updated version, more flexible structure, better performanc
Multi-scale Interactive Network for Salient Object Detection
Deep-learning based salient object detection methods achieve great progress.
However, the variable scale and unknown category of salient objects are great
challenges all the time. These are closely related to the utilization of
multi-level and multi-scale features. In this paper, we propose the aggregate
interaction modules to integrate the features from adjacent levels, in which
less noise is introduced because of only using small up-/down-sampling rates.
To obtain more efficient multi-scale features from the integrated features, the
self-interaction modules are embedded in each decoder unit. Besides, the class
imbalance issue caused by the scale variation weakens the effect of the binary
cross entropy loss and results in the spatial inconsistency of the predictions.
Therefore, we exploit the consistency-enhanced loss to highlight the
fore-/back-ground difference and preserve the intra-class consistency.
Experimental results on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed
method without any post-processing performs favorably against 23
state-of-the-art approaches. The source code will be publicly available at
https://github.com/lartpang/MINet.Comment: Accepted by CVPR 202
ComPtr: Towards Diverse Bi-source Dense Prediction Tasks via A Simple yet General Complementary Transformer
Deep learning (DL) has advanced the field of dense prediction, while
gradually dissolving the inherent barriers between different tasks. However,
most existing works focus on designing architectures and constructing visual
cues only for the specific task, which ignores the potential uniformity
introduced by the DL paradigm. In this paper, we attempt to construct a novel
\underline{ComP}lementary \underline{tr}ansformer, \textbf{ComPtr}, for diverse
bi-source dense prediction tasks. Specifically, unlike existing methods that
over-specialize in a single task or a subset of tasks, ComPtr starts from the
more general concept of bi-source dense prediction. Based on the basic
dependence on information complementarity, we propose consistency enhancement
and difference awareness components with which ComPtr can evacuate and collect
important visual semantic cues from different image sources for diverse tasks,
respectively. ComPtr treats different inputs equally and builds an efficient
dense interaction model in the form of sequence-to-sequence on top of the
transformer. This task-generic design provides a smooth foundation for
constructing the unified model that can simultaneously deal with various
bi-source information. In extensive experiments across several representative
vision tasks, i.e. remote sensing change detection, RGB-T crowd counting,
RGB-D/T salient object detection, and RGB-D semantic segmentation, the proposed
method consistently obtains favorable performance. The code will be available
at \url{https://github.com/lartpang/ComPtr}
ZoomNeXt: A Unified Collaborative Pyramid Network for Camouflaged Object Detection
Recent camouflaged object detection (COD) attempts to segment objects
visually blended into their surroundings, which is extremely complex and
difficult in real-world scenarios. Apart from the high intrinsic similarity
between camouflaged objects and their background, objects are usually diverse
in scale, fuzzy in appearance, and even severely occluded. To this end, we
propose an effective unified collaborative pyramid network which mimics human
behavior when observing vague images and videos, \textit{i.e.}, zooming in and
out. Specifically, our approach employs the zooming strategy to learn
discriminative mixed-scale semantics by the multi-head scale integration and
rich granularity perception units, which are designed to fully explore
imperceptible clues between candidate objects and background surroundings. The
former's intrinsic multi-head aggregation provides more diverse visual
patterns. The latter's routing mechanism can effectively propagate inter-frame
difference in spatiotemporal scenarios and adaptively ignore static
representations. They provides a solid foundation for realizing a unified
architecture for static and dynamic COD. Moreover, considering the uncertainty
and ambiguity derived from indistinguishable textures, we construct a simple
yet effective regularization, uncertainty awareness loss, to encourage
predictions with higher confidence in candidate regions. Our highly
task-friendly framework consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art
methods in image and video COD benchmarks. The code will be available at
\url{https://github.com/lartpang/ZoomNeXt}.Comment: Extensions to the conference version: arXiv:2203.02688; Fixed some
word error
Implications for functional diversity conservation of China’s marine fisheries
Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Zhao, He, Su, Xu, Xu, Zhang and Zhang.Functional diversity is critical to ecosystem stability and resilience to disturbances as it supports the delivery of ecosystem services on which human societies rely. However, changes in functional diversity over space and time, as well as the importance of particular marine fish species to functional space are less known. Here, we reported a temporal change in the functional diversity of marine capture fisheries from all coastal provinces in China from 1989 to 2018. We suggested that both functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) changed substantially over time, especially with considerable geographic variation in FEve in the detected patterns. Even within the same sea, the relative contributions of fishes with various water column positions and trophic levels in different waters have different patterns. Together these results underline the need of implementing specific climate-adaptive functional diversity conservation measures and sustainable fisheries management in different waters.Peer reviewe
Brevibacillin 2V, a Novel Antimicrobial Lipopeptide With an Exceptionally Low Hemolytic Activity
Bacterial non-ribosomally produced peptides (NRPs) form a rich source of antibiotics, including more than 20 of these antibiotics that are used in the clinic, such as penicillin G, colistin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol. Here we report the identification, purification, and characterization of a novel NRP, i.e., brevibacillin 2V (lipo-tridecapeptide), from Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM 25. Brevibacillin 2V has a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens (minimum inhibitory concentration = 2 mg/L), including difficult-to-treat antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, brevibacillin 2V has a much lower hemolytic activity (HC(50) > 128 mg/L) and cytotoxicity (CC(50) = 45.49 ± 0.24 mg/L) to eukaryotic cells than previously reported NRPs of the lipo-tridecapeptide family, including other brevibacillins, which makes it a promising candidate for antibiotic development. In addition, our results demonstrate that brevibacillins display a synergistic action with established antibiotics against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Probably due to the presence of non-canonical amino acids and D-amino acids, brevibacillin 2V showed good stability in human plasma. Thus, we identified and characterized a novel and promising antimicrobial candidate (brevibacillin 2V) with low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, which can be used either on its own or as a template for further total synthesis and modification
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