Progress in developments of dry coal beneficiation

Abstract China’s energy supply heavily relies on coal and China’s coal resource and water resource has a reverse distribution. The problem of water shortages restricts the applications of wet coal beneficiation technologies in drought regions. The present situation highlights the significance and urgency of developing dry beneficiation technologies of coal. Besides, other countries that produce large amounts of coal also encounter serious problem of lack of water for coal beneficiation, such as American, Australia, Canada, South Africa, Turkey and India. Thus, dry coal beneficiation becomes the research hot-points in the field of coal cleaning worldwide in recent years. This paper systematically reviewed the promising research efforts on dry coal beneficiation reported in literature in last 5 years and discussed the progress in developments of dry coal beneficiation worldwide. Finally, we also elaborated the prospects and the challenges of the development of dry coal beneficiation

Association of eating rate and post-dinner snacking with depressive symptoms in Chinese adult men

Eating behaviors are associated with mental health. However, although most studies have assessed specific eating behaviors, none have evaluated the association of eating rates and post-dinner snacking with depressive symptoms. This study investigated this relationship in adult Chinese men. A total of 1552 participants aged 25–68 years were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between eating behaviors and depressive symptoms, and the corresponding odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Self-administered questionnaires were used to evaluate eating rates and post-dinner snacking, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. In the unadjusted model, the odds ratios and 95% CIs for depressive symptoms associated with normal and fast eating compared with slow eating were 1.47 (1.15, 1.89) and 1.60 (1.14, 2.23), respectively (p for trend = 0.002). This significant positive association remained unchanged in the final adjusted model (p for trend = 0.006). No significant relationship was found between post-dinner snacking and depressive symptoms. These findings showed that eating fast was linked to a higher risk of depressive symptoms and suggested that speed of eating may influence the mental health of adult men

Analysis of Predictors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma

In order to predict related risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma (SEC) and provide reference for endoscopic minimally invasive treatment, we included a total of 93 patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma who have underwent esophagectomy and lymph node dissection from 2010 to 2015. The depth of invasion was remeasured and classified into 6 groups according to their wall penetration. The prediction model was founded based on the independent risk factors. The results shows that lymph node metastasis of m1, m2, m3, sm1, sm2, and sm3 of superficial esophageal carcinoma was 0%, 0%, 5.3%, 8.7%, 17.6%, and 37.5%, respectively. The tumor size, differentiation, and lymphvascular invasion were also significantly related to lymph node metastasis by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that the depth of invasion and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis. A prediction model for lymph node metastasis was established as follows: p=ex/(1+ex), and x = −5.469 + 0.839 × depth of invasion + 1.992 × lymphavascular metastasis. The area under ROC curve was 0.858 (95% CI: 0.757–0.959). It was also shown that the depth of invasion was related to tumor differentiation, macroscopic type, and tumor size

Lini0.5mn1.5o4 spinel cathode using room temperature ionic liquid as electrolyte

In this study, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) nanoparticles were prepared as a 5 V cathode material via a rheological phase method and annealed at different temperatures: 680 ◦C, 750 ◦C, and 820 ◦C. The sample annealed at 750 ◦C shows the best performance. A room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) containing 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiNTf2) in N-butyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (C4mpyrNTf2) was used as novel electrolyte in conjunction with the LNMO cathodes and their electrochemical properties have been investigated. The results show that the LNMO using RTIL as electrolyte has better coulombic efficiency and comparable discharge capacities to those of the cells assembled with standard liquid electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the RTIL is much more stable as the electrolyte for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 than the conventional electrolyte

Genetic Disruption of Both Tryptophan Hydroxylase Genes Dramatically Reduces Serotonin and Affects Behavior in Models Sensitive to Antidepressants

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The biosynthesis of serotonin is regulated by two rate-limiting enzymes, tryptophan hydroxylase-1 and -2 (TPH1 and TPH2). We used a gene-targeting approach to generate mice with selective and complete elimination of the two known TPH isoforms. This resulted in dramatically reduced central 5-HT levels in Tph2 knockout (TPH2KO) and Tph1/Tph2 double knockout (DKO) mice; and substantially reduced peripheral 5-HT levels in DKO, but not TPH2KO mice. Therefore, differential expression of the two isoforms of TPH was reflected in corresponding depletion of 5-HT content in the brain and periphery. Surprisingly, despite the prominent and evolutionarily ancient role that 5-HT plays in both vertebrate and invertebrate physiology, none of these mutations resulted in an overt phenotype. TPH2KO and DKO mice were viable and normal in appearance. Behavioral alterations in assays with predictive validity for antidepressants were among the very few phenotypes uncovered. These behavioral changes were subtle in the TPH2KO mice; they were enhanced in the DKO mice. Herein, we confirm findings from prior descriptions of TPH1 knockout mice and present the first reported phenotypic evaluations of Tph2 and Tph1/Tph2 knockout mice. The behavioral effects observed in the TPH2 KO and DKO mice strongly confirm the role of 5-HT and its synthetic enzymes in the etiology and treatment of affective disorders

Amplitude analysis of Ds+→π+π−π+D_s^{+} \rightarrow \pi^{+} \pi^{-} \pi^{+}

Utilizing the data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.19$ fb$^{-1}$ collected by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the $D_s^+\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ decay. The sample contains 13,797 candidates with a signal purity of $\sim$80%. The amplitude and phase of the contributing $\pi\pi$ ${\cal S}$ wave are measured based on a quasi-model-independent approach, along with the amplitudes and phases of the ${\cal P}$ and ${\cal D}$ waves parametrized by Breit-Wigner models. The fit fractions of different intermediate decay channels are also reported.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Search for New Hadronic Decays of hch_c and Observation of hc→K+K−π+π−π0h_c\rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{0}

Ten hadronic final states of the $h_c$ decays are investigated via the process $\psi(3686)\rightarrow \pi^0 h_c$, using a data sample of $(448.1 \pm 2.9) \times 10^6$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector. The decay channel $h_c\rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{0}$ is observed for the first time with a significance of $6.0 \sigma$. The corresponding branching fraction is determined to be $\mathcal{B}(h_c\rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{0}) =(3.3 \pm 0.6 \pm 0.6)\times 10^{-3}$ (the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematical). Evidence for the decays $h_c\rightarrow \pi^{+} \pi^{-} \pi^{0} \eta$ and $h_c\rightarrow K^{0}_{S}K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.6 \sigma$ and $3.8 \sigma$, respectively. The corresponding branching fractions (and upper limits) are obtained to be $\mathcal{B}(h_c\rightarrow \pi^{+} \pi^{-} \pi^{0} \eta ) =(7.2 \pm 1.8 \pm 1.3)\times 10^{-3}$ $(< 1.8 \times 10^{-2})$ and $\mathcal{B}(h_c\rightarrow K^{0}_{S}K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}) =(2.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 0.5)\times 10^{-3}$ $(<4.7\times 10^{-3})$. Upper limits on the branching fractions for the final states $h_c \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{0}$, $K^{+}K^{-}\eta$, $K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\eta$, $2(K^{+}K^{-})\pi^{0}$, $K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{0}\eta$, $K^{0}_{S}K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$, and $p\bar{p}\pi^{0}\pi^{0}$ are determined at a confidence level of 90\%.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure