Evaluation of conventional or hydrolyzed stickwater from food-grade skipjack tuna by-product in diet for hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)

acceptedVersio

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of ciprofol emulsion in Chinese subjects with normal or impaired renal function

Background: Ciprofol, a novel sedative–hypnotic drug, has been approved for its use in inducing and maintaining general anesthesia, as well as for providing sedation.Methods: In this phase I, single-center, parallel, controlled, open-label clinical trial, our objective was to analyze the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of ciprofol emulsion in 24 participants with mild and moderate renal impairment (n = 8 per group) and matched healthy participants (n = 8). An initial loading infusion of ciprofol was administered at 0.4 mg/kg for 1 min, followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of 0.4 mg/kg/h for 30 min. We collected plasma and urine samples from the participants to assess the PK of ciprofol and its metabolite M4. The evaluation of PD involved using a modified observer’s alertness/sedation scale (MOAA/S) in combination with bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. Safety assessments were conducted throughout the trial process.Results: The plasma concentration–time curve of ciprofol in participants with renal impairment was similar to that in participants with normal kidney function. The area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of total and unbound ciprofol in plasma for participants with renal impairment were only slightly higher (0.7–1.2-fold) than those in participants with normal renal function. In contrast, for the metabolite M4, AUC values were 1.3- and 2.1-fold greater in participants with mild and moderate renal impairment, respectively, than in healthy controls. However, renal impairment had no significant impact on the PD parameters. The study found that ciprofol was well-tolerated, with all adverse events (AEs) reported being mild or moderate in severity.Conclusion: Based on these findings, we can conclude that no dosage adjustment of ciprofol is necessary for patients with mild–moderate renal impairment who receive the injection.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04142970

Gazelle: A Low Latency Framework for Secure Neural Network Inference

The growing popularity of cloud-based machine learning raises a natural question about the privacy guarantees that can be provided in such a setting. Our work tackles this problem in the context where a client wishes to classify private images using a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained by a server. Our goal is to build efficient protocols whereby the client can acquire the classification result without revealing their input to the server, while guaranteeing the privacy of the server's neural network. To this end, we design Gazelle, a scalable and low-latency system for secure neural network inference, using an intricate combination of homomorphic encryption and traditional two-party computation techniques (such as garbled circuits). Gazelle makes three contributions. First, we design the Gazelle homomorphic encryption library which provides fast algorithms for basic homomorphic operations such as SIMD (single instruction multiple data) addition, SIMD multiplication and ciphertext permutation. Second, we implement the Gazelle homomorphic linear algebra kernels which map neural network layers to optimized homomorphic matrix-vector multiplication and convolution routines. Third, we design optimized encryption switching protocols which seamlessly convert between homomorphic and garbled circuit encodings to enable implementation of complete neural network inference. We evaluate our protocols on benchmark neural networks trained on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets and show that Gazelle outperforms the best existing systems such as MiniONN (ACM CCS 2017) by 20 times and Chameleon (Crypto Eprint 2017/1164) by 30 times in online runtime. Similarly when compared with fully homomorphic approaches like CryptoNets (ICML 2016) we demonstrate three orders of magnitude faster online run-time

Evolution Mode, Influencing Factors, and Socioeconomic Value of Urban Industrial Land Management in China

(1) Background: Accurate measurement of the matching relationship between urban industrial land change and economic growth is of great value for industrialized and re-industrialized countries to perform land resource management in territorial spatial planning. (2) Methods: Based on the combination of the Boston Consulting Group matrix, Geodetector, and decoupling model, we constructed a new method integrating “model evolution + driving mechanism + performance evaluation + policy design” in this paper, and conducted an empirical study on the economic value of urban industrial land management in the Yangtze River Delta. (3) Results: The evolution modes of urban industrial land in the Yangtze River Delta are divided into four types: stars, cows, dogs, and question, distributed in structures ranging from an “olive” shape to a “pyramid” shape, with high spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration and low autocorrelation. The government demand led by driving economic growth and making large cities bigger is the key factor driving the change in urban industrial land and the influence of transportation infrastructure and the business environment has remained stable for a long time. The mechanisms of industrialization, globalization, and innovation are becoming increasingly complicated. Industrial land change and value-added growth in most cities have long been in a state of strong and weak decoupling, with progressive decoupling occurring alongside the unchanged stage and regressive decoupling. The government outperforms the market in terms of urban industrial land management, and the degradation of the synergy between urban industrial land and corporate assets emerges as a new threat to sustainable and high-quality development of the region. (4) Conclusions: This paper establishes a technical framework for zoning management and classification governance of urban industrial land to divide the Yangtze River Delta into reduction-oriented transformation policy zoning, incremental high-quality development zoning, incremental synchronous growth zoning, and reduction and upgrading development zoning. It also proposes an adaptive land supply governance strategy for quantitative and qualitative control, providing a basis for territorial spatial planning and land resource management

Evolution Mode, Influencing Factors, and Socioeconomic Value of Urban Industrial Land Management in China

(1) Background: Accurate measurement of the matching relationship between urban industrial land change and economic growth is of great value for industrialized and re-industrialized countries to perform land resource management in territorial spatial planning. (2) Methods: Based on the combination of the Boston Consulting Group matrix, Geodetector, and decoupling model, we constructed a new method integrating “model evolution + driving mechanism + performance evaluation + policy design” in this paper, and conducted an empirical study on the economic value of urban industrial land management in the Yangtze River Delta. (3) Results: The evolution modes of urban industrial land in the Yangtze River Delta are divided into four types: stars, cows, dogs, and question, distributed in structures ranging from an “olive” shape to a “pyramid” shape, with high spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration and low autocorrelation. The government demand led by driving economic growth and making large cities bigger is the key factor driving the change in urban industrial land and the influence of transportation infrastructure and the business environment has remained stable for a long time. The mechanisms of industrialization, globalization, and innovation are becoming increasingly complicated. Industrial land change and value-added growth in most cities have long been in a state of strong and weak decoupling, with progressive decoupling occurring alongside the unchanged stage and regressive decoupling. The government outperforms the market in terms of urban industrial land management, and the degradation of the synergy between urban industrial land and corporate assets emerges as a new threat to sustainable and high-quality development of the region. (4) Conclusions: This paper establishes a technical framework for zoning management and classification governance of urban industrial land to divide the Yangtze River Delta into reduction-oriented transformation policy zoning, incremental high-quality development zoning, incremental synchronous growth zoning, and reduction and upgrading development zoning. It also proposes an adaptive land supply governance strategy for quantitative and qualitative control, providing a basis for territorial spatial planning and land resource management

Dynamic Characteristic and Decoupling Relationship of Energy Consumption on China’s Construction Industry

(1) Background: The decoupling of energy consumption from economic growth in the construction industry is crucial to the sustainable development of the global construction industry. The existing studies focus on the advancements in energy efficiency by designers for building monoliths or construction techniques, involving no exploration of energy efficiency management from a regional perspective, which is unfavorable for the formulation of energy efficiency policies and systematic control of the construction industry by local governments. (2) Methods: From the perspective of regional management, this paper constructs an integrated analysis and application framework of “spatio-temporal characteristics + matching evaluation + policy design” based on the decoupling model and GIS tools. It studies the spatio-temporal characteristics of energy consumption in the construction industry in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, and its decoupling relationship with the economic development of the construction industry, and proposes an optimal zoning and recommendations for energy consumption in the construction industry, providing a reference for energy conservation management in the construction industry in China. (3) Results: First, the change of energy consumption amount (ECA) in the construction industry in the provinces was dominated by ascent, while the energy consumption intensity (ECI) predominantly decreased, and most provinces are still in a period of growth or plateau in energy consumption. Second, ECA and ECI had prominent spatial heterogeneity and aggregation. High-energy-consuming regions are concentrated along the coast and along the Yangtze River, while low-energy-consuming regions are mainly clustered in remote areas, such as the northeast, northwest, and southwest of China. Energy consumption shows a clear north-south difference in intensity, with high-intensity regions clustered in the north compared to low-intensity regions in the south. Third, most of the provinces were in strong negative decoupling, expansive coupling, and weak decoupling, and better decoupling regions were mainly gathered in south and central China. Nearly one half of these provinces showed decoupling degradation and only a few achieved evolution, with evolutionary regions clustered mainly in central and southern China. The northeast and northwest were the key problem areas of energy-saving transformation in China’s construction industry. (4) Conclusion: The 30 provinces were divided into three types: leader, intermediate, and laggard, and the development goals and suggestions on low energy consumption in the construction industry for three zones were put forward, significantly improving the precision of policy design and implementation. The study in this paper expands the research perspective on energy saving management in the construction industry and provides a methodology and basis for developing energy efficiency policies and plans for the construction industry in China and similar developing countries

Variation of pH value of leaching solution during steel slag dissolution

This study explored the change law changing pattern of pH value of steel slag leaching solution in the process of steel slag dissolution with an aim to study the influence of steel slag on environment.Specifically, it analyzed the influence law of steel slag basicity, magnesium oxide content, water temperature, steel slag particle size, liquid-solid ratio and other factors on pH value of steel slag leaching solution and conducted a comparative test with on-site steel slag.Results show that the pH value of the leaching solution after steel slag dissolution is in the range of 10~12, and with the change of time, the pH value first increases and then decreases.Increasing the basicity of steel slag and the content of magnesium oxide can increase the pH value of the leaching solution.The increase of water temperature, steel slag size and liquid-solid ratio can reduce the pH value of the leaching solution

Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a major “river source” and “ecological source” in China, as well as South Asia and Southeast Asia, and is a typical plateau region. Studying the evolution characteristics and ecological effects of the production-living-ecological space (PLES) of the QTP is of great practical significance and theoretical value for strengthening its ecological construction and environmental protection. Based on 30 m × 30 m land use/cover data of the QTP at five time-points of 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper investigates the PLES evolution characteristics, transfer characteristics, eco-environmental response, and influencing factors of the eco-environmental quality index (EEQI) in the region of China of the QTP from 1980 to 2020 by land use transfer matrix, eco-environmental response model, hot spot analysis, and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results show that: (1) from 1980 to 2020, the ecological space of the QTP decreased, while the production and living space saw an increase. The PLES pattern of the QTP showed a clear shift from 2000 to 2010, while there was no significant change from 1980 to 2000 and from 2010 to 2020. (2) From 1980 to 2020, the EEQI of the QTP decreased from 0.5634 in 1980 to 0.5038 in 2010, and then increased to 0.5044 in 2020, showing a changing trend of first decreasing and then increasing; the degradation of grassland ecological space to other ecological space was the main cause leading to ecological environment deterioration. (3) From 1980 to 2000, the EEQI was high in the midwestern and southeastern parts of the QTP, presenting a double-center distribution. From 2010 to 2020, the EEQI decreased in the western part, while the high value area in the eastern part increased significantly, obviously low in the west and high in the east. The spatial variation characteristics of hot and cold spots and EEQI are generally similar. (4) Natural ecological and socioeconomic factors have significant differences on the spatial distribution of EEQI in the QTP, and natural ecological factors are the main driving factors, with topographic relief having the strongest effect on EEQI as a natural ecological factor, and population density having the strongest effect as a socioeconomic factor

MOESM1 of Development of models for classification of action between heat-clearing herbs and blood-activating stasis-resolving herbs based on theory of traditional Chinese medicine

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Morphological but no genetic differentiation among fragmented populations of Hemiculter leucisculus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from a lake complex in the middle Yangtze, China

Understanding the adaptive responses of fish to different local habitats is important for assessing fragmentation effects and directing conservation management. In this study, morphological and genetic differentiations were tested among Hemiculter leucisculus populations from three lakes, i.e., the Liangzi, Niushan, and Biandantang Lakes, fragmented from the Liangzi Lake complex in the middle Yangtze. These lakes have different habitat environments, largely influenced by their size and connection patterns with the mainstem, and also have different timings of fragmentation in the complex. Morphological differentiations among populations in the lakes were expected to reflect population responses to local habitat conditions. Genetic differentiation was expected to occur due to isolation of the populations. Our results revealed statistically significant morphological differences and no genetic differentiation among populations from the lakes. Morphometric differences might be related to swimming ability of the fish in different habitats. Population genetics results showed that all individuals constituted a single population. However, a recent reduction in gene flow between the lakes, a loss of alleles, and low genetic diversity were found, suggesting probable genetic impacts of fragmentation. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity might contribute to morphological differences in the differing local conditions, and this interpretation needs confirmation from further experiments testing the roles of these morphological differences in swimming ability and the differing environments in generating these differences. Our results have led to a better understanding of the responses of fish populations to habitat fragmentation and can thus direct the connectivity restoration of fragmented habitats in the Yangtze River.</p