The Optimal Configuration and Their Strategic Analysis of Information System Security Technology Portfolios

Confronted with the increasingly severe information security problems, proper configuration of security technologies is critical to enhance the information systems performance. To solve the integrated linkage control problem based on attack detection, the security model including firewall, intrusion detection system (IDS) and vulnerability scan is analyzed by game theory. The analyses show that more IT portfolio will not bring better benefits, and more fixed vulnerabilities are not the better choice for the firm either. However, reasonable configuration of firewall will always reduce the firm’s expected loss. According to the Nash equilibrium of the model, technical parameters are configured to minimize the firm’s expected loss

Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport

Background: Duchenne musclar dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations of dystrophin gene, there is no effective treatment for this disorder at present. Plasmidmediated gene therapy is a promising therapeutical approach for the treatment of DMD. One of the major issues with plasmid-mediated gene therapy for DMD is poor transfection efficiency and distribution. The herpes simplex virus protein VP22 has the capacity to spread from a primary transduced cell to surrounding cells and improve the outcome of gene transfer. To improve the efficiency of plasmid-mediated gene therapy and investigate the utility of the intercellular trafficking properties of VP22-linked protein for the treatment for DMD, expression vectors for C-terminal versions of VP22-microdystrophin fusion protein was constructed and the VP22-mediated shuttle effect was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Our results clearly demonstrate that the VP22-microdystrophin fusion protein could transport into C2C12 cells from 3T3 cells, moreover, the VP22-microdystrophin fusion protein enhanced greatly the amount of microdystrophin that accumulated following microdystrophin gene transfer in both transfected 3T3 cells and in the muscles of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. Conclusion: These results highlight the efficiency of the VP22-mediated intercellular protein delivery for potential therapy of DMD and suggested that protein transduction may be a potential and versatile tool to enhance the effects of gene delivery for somatic gene therapy of DMD.National Natural Science Foundation of China (30370510, 30170337); CMB Fund (4209347); the Key Project of the State Ministry of Public Health (2001321); and National Nature Science Foundation of China (30400322)

How Can Credit Supervision Mechanism Improve Security Crowdsourcing Ecosystem Governance: An Evolutionary Game Theory Perspective

To address the issues of illegal trading vulnerabilities and data leakage among security personnel resulting from the traditional governance in the security crowdsourcing ecosystem, this study introduces a “novel” credit supervision mechanism. By constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model involving the government, security crowdsourcing platforms, and security personnel, we analyze factors and mechanisms influencing the strategic choices of the three entities. The impact of different mechanisms on the system’s evolutionary path is explored by numerical simulation. The results show that: 1) enhancing credibility benefits, reducing regulation costs, and strengthening governance efforts of the regulators can promote “good behavior” of the three entities; 2) the security crowdsourcing ecosystem is able to achieve an ideal stable state under certain conditions; 3) the “novel” credit supervision mechanism can be operated effectively based on the credit feedback mechanism; 4) improved collaborative governance effectively restrains security personnel from engaging in the illegal trading of vulnerabilities; 5) the government implementing a reasonable reward and punishment mechanism for platforms is optimal for achieving an ideal stable state. This study provides insights for enhancing the governance system in the security crowdsourcing ecosystem

Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/50</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():50-50.</p><p>Published online 8 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931604.</p><p></p>; treated by pAMICDYS (C). Microdystrophin -positive fibers were only detected in groups injected by pAVP22-MICDYS, not in groups injected by pAMICDYS. Magnification: × 100

Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/50</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():50-50.</p><p>Published online 8 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931604.</p><p></p>-MICDYS (b) injected the left TA muscles. Microdystrophin -positive fibers were detected in both groups, but the number of microdystrophin-positive fibers and the intensity of immunofluorescence were uniformly greater in pAVP22-MICDYS injected TA muscles. Magnification: × 100. (B) Immunostaining analysis microdystrophin expression in mouse TA injected by pAMICDYS (c, f) or pAVP22 -MICDYS (b, e) at 2 weeks (b, c) and 16 weeks (e, f) after injection, the right TA injected by PBS (d). The TA of C57BL/10 (a). Magnification: × 200

Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/50</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():50-50.</p><p>Published online 8 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931604.</p><p></p>2 weeks. The 175-kDa-microdystrophin bands appeared stronger in pAVP22-MICDYS- compared to pAMICDYS-transduced TA

Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/50</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():50-50.</p><p>Published online 8 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931604.</p><p></p>d by PBS. Shown are H&E-stained TA muscle cross sections from post-injection 2 weeks (A, B, C), post-injection 16 weeks (D, E, F). The left TA muscles treated by pAMICDYS (B, E), pAVP22-MICDYS (C, F); the right TA muscles treated by PBS (A, D). Magnification: × 200. Centrally nucleated fibers were counted in transverse H&E cryosections from treated mdx mice. The ratio of centrally nucleated fibers (%) is shown as means ± SE in TA muscle at post-injection 2 weeks (G) and 16 weeks (H). * p < 0.05 compared with mice; p < 0.05 compared with pAMICDYS transfered mice

Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Enhanced effect of microdystrophin gene transfection by HSV-VP22 mediated intercellular protein transport"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/50</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2007;8():50-50.</p><p>Published online 8 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1931604.</p><p></p> pAMICDYS (C). Microdystrophin -positive fibers were only detected in groups injected by pAVP22-MICDYS, not in groups injected by pAMICDYS. Magnification: × 100