993 research outputs found
The Relationships Between the Level of Lignin, a Secondary Metabolite in Soybean Plant, and Aphid Resistance in Soybeans
In the present report, the relationship was discussed between the level of lignin-one of the secondary metabolites in soybean plant and the chemical defense reaction of soybean to the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Muts). Experimental results indicated that the cultivars with higher level of lignin are more resistant to the damage of aphids than those with lower level of lignin. Lignin is one of the compounds that are responsible to the chemical defense reaction of soybean. This finding laid a foundation for the elucidation of the mechanism of aphid resistance in plants and its biochemical basis.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Hu, Qi, Zhao, Jianwei, Cui, Jianwen. (1993). The Relationships Between the Level of Lignin, a Secondary Metabolite in Soybean Plant, and Aphid Resistance in Soybeans. Plant Protection (Institute of Plant Protection, CAAS, China), 19(1), 8-9
Delay Sensitive Communications over Cognitive Radio Networks
Supporting the quality of service of unlicensed users in cognitive radio
networks is very challenging, mainly due to dynamic resource availability
because of the licensed users' activities. In this paper, we study the optimal
admission control and channel allocation decisions in cognitive overlay
networks in order to support delay sensitive communications of unlicensed
users. We formulate it as a Markov decision process problem, and solve it by
transforming the original formulation into a stochastic shortest path problem.
We then propose a simple heuristic control policy, which includes a
threshold-based admission control scheme and and a largest-delay-first channel
allocation scheme, and prove the optimality of the largest-delay-first channel
allocation scheme. We further propose an improved policy using the rollout
algorithm. By comparing the performance of both proposed policies with the
upper-bound of the maximum revenue, we show that our policies achieve
close-to-optimal performance with low complexities.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Metal adsorption by quasi cellulose xanthogenates derived from aquatic and terrestrial plant materials
The FTIR spectra, SEM-EDXA and copper adsorption capacities of the raw plant materials, alkali treated straws and cellulose xanthogenate derivatives of Eichhornia crassipes shoot, rape straw and corn stalk were investigated. FTIR spectra indicated that of the three plant materials, the aquatic biomass of Eichhornia crassipes shoot contained more O-H and C=O groups which accounted for the higher Cu²⁺ adsorption capacities of the raw and alkali treated plant material. SEM-EDXA indicated the incorporation of sulphur and magnesium in the cellulose xanthogenate. The Cu²⁺ adsorption capacities of the xanthogenates increased with their magnesium and sulphur contents. However more copper was adsorbed than that can be explained by exchange of copper with magnesium. Precipitation may contribute to the enhanced uptake of copper by the cellulose xanthogenate
Spatially resolved pump-probe study of single-layer graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition
Carrier dynamics in single-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) is studied using spatially and temporally resolved pump-probe
spectroscopy by measuring both differential transmission and differential
reflection. By studying the expansion of a Gaussian spatial profile of carriers
excited by a 1500-nm pump pulse with a 1761-nm probe pulse, we observe a
diffusion of hot carriers of 5500 square centimeter per second. We also observe
that the expansion of the carrier density profile decreases to a slow rate
within 1 ps, which is unexpected. Furthermore, by using an 810-nm probe pulse
we observe that both the differential transmission and reflection change signs,
but also that this sign change can be permanently removed by exposure of the
graphene to femtosecond laser pulses of relatively high fluence. This indicates
that the differential transmission and reflection at later times may not be
directly caused by carriers, but may be from some residue material from the
sample fabrication or transfer process.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
RS5M: A Large Scale Vision-Language Dataset for Remote Sensing Vision-Language Foundation Model
Pre-trained Vision-Language Foundation Models utilizing extensive image-text
paired data have demonstrated unprecedented image-text association
capabilities, achieving remarkable results across various downstream tasks. A
critical challenge is how to make use of existing large-scale pre-trained VLMs,
which are trained on common objects, to perform the domain-specific transfer
for accomplishing domain-related downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose a
new framework that includes the Domain Foundation Model (DFM), bridging the gap
between the General Foundation Model (GFM) and domain-specific downstream
tasks. Moreover, we present an image-text paired dataset in the field of remote
sensing (RS), RS5M, which has 5 million RS images with English descriptions.
The dataset is obtained from filtering publicly available image-text paired
datasets and captioning label-only RS datasets with pre-trained VLM. These
constitute the first large-scale RS image-text paired dataset. Additionally, we
tried several Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning methods on RS5M to implement the
DFM. Experimental results show that our proposed dataset are highly effective
for various tasks, improving upon the baseline by in
zero-shot classification tasks, and obtaining good results in both
Vision-Language Retrieval and Semantic Localization tasks.
\url{https://github.com/om-ai-lab/RS5M}Comment: RS5M dataset v
Contract-based Time-of-use Pricing for Energy Storage Investment
Time-of-use (ToU) pricing is widely used by the electricity utility. A
carefully designed ToU pricing can incentivize end-users' energy storage
deployment, which helps shave the system peak load and reduce the system social
cost. However, the optimization of ToU pricing is highly non-trivial, and an
improperly designed ToU pricing may lead to storage investments that are far
from the social optimum. In this paper, we aim at designing the optimal ToU
pricing, jointly considering the social cost of the utility and the storage
investment decisions of users. Since the storage investment costs are users'
private information, we design low-complexity contracts to elicit the necessary
information and induce the proper behavior of users' storage investment. The
proposed contracts only specify three contract items, which guides users of
arbitrarily many different storage-cost types to invest in full, partial, or no
storage capacity with respect to their peak demands. Our contracts can achieve
the social optimum when the utility knows the aggregate demand of each
storage-cost type (but not the individual user's type). When the utility only
knows the distribution of each storage-cost type's demand, our contracts can
lead to a near-optimal solution. The gap with the social optimum is as small as
1.5% based on the simulations using realistic data. We also show that the
proposed contracts can reduce the system social cost by over 30%, compared with
no storage investment benchmark
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