Cable-driven parallel robot assisted confocal imaging of the larynx

LaryngoTORS, a transoral laryngeal surgery robot, can manipulate instruments accurately. Confocal imaging has potentials in laryngeal cancer diagnosis but suffer from high scanning requirement. This work studies using LaryngoTORS to assist confocal imaging of larynx

Cool pulsed molecular microbeam

The technique to produce a cool pulsed supersonic molecular beam of CaF radicals was described. The radicals were generated by laser ablation of solid precursors target in a small ablation cell of volume of about 0.01 cm 3. It was observed that the ablation plume supersonically expands into a vacuum chamber of the expansion by feeding into the ablation cell about 10 Torr of He, Ar, or Xe carrier gas. It was shown that the highly unstable species were amenable for producing cool intense molecular microbeams.open121

Separation of a benzene and nitric oxide mixture by a molecule prism

A study was performed on the separation of nitric oxide and benzene mixture by a molecule prism. The energy conservation and wave properties of molecules were used to obtain the molecule-optical index of refraction for a nonresonant infrared laser pulse. A chromatographic resolution of 0.62 for the spatial separation of a mixture was obtained using the focused Nd:YAG laser pulse as a molecule prism.open273

In silico Assessment of Drug-like Properties of Alkaloids from Areca catechu L Nut

Purpose: To investigate in silico the drug-like properties of alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, guvacoline, isoguvacine, arecolidine and homoarecoline) obtained from the fruits of Areca catechu L (areca nut).Methods: All chemical structures were re-drawn using Chemdraw Ultra 11.0. Furthermore, software including Bio-Loom for Windows - version 1.5, Molinspiration Property Calculator and ACD/I-LAB service were used to predict the drug-like properties of the alkaloids, including relative molecular mass (MW), partition coefficient log P (cLog P), number of hydrogen bond donors (HBD), number of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA), topological polar surface area (TPSA), number of rotatable bonds (NROTB), pKa, and aqueous solubility at a given pH (LogS). In addition, Lipinski’s rule was used to evaluate druglike properties.Results: From our research, MWs of the seven compounds were all < 500. HBD and cLog P values of the seven compounds were all < 5, and HBA values were all < 10. In addition, TPSA value of each compound was < 60 Å2, and NROTB value was < 10. Besides, pKa values of the seven alkaloids were > 7.5; furthermore, they possess good solubility at pH 1.0, 5.0, and 7.0.Conclusion: All the seven alkaloids possess good drug-like properties, and demonstrated good oral absorption and bioavailability. The results also suggest that these compounds can be further developed into new oral drugs for treating certain diseases.Keywords: Areca catechu L, Areca nut, Drug-like properties, Alkaloids, Arecoline, Arecaidine, Guvacine, Guvacoline, Isoguvacine, Arecolidine, Homoarecoline, In silic

Structural subnetwork evolution across the life-span: rich-club, feeder, seeder

The impact of developmental and aging processes on brain connectivity and the connectome has been widely studied. Network theoretical measures and certain topological principles are computed from the entire brain, however there is a need to separate and understand the underlying subnetworks which contribute towards these observed holistic connectomic alterations. One organizational principle is the rich-club - a core subnetwork of brain regions that are strongly connected, forming a high-cost, high-capacity backbone that is critical for effective communication in the network. Investigations primarily focus on its alterations with disease and age. Here, we present a systematic analysis of not only the rich-club, but also other subnetworks derived from this backbone - namely feeder and seeder subnetworks. Our analysis is applied to structural connectomes in a normal cohort from a large, publicly available lifespan study. We demonstrate changes in rich-club membership with age alongside a shift in importance from 'peripheral' seeder to feeder subnetworks. Our results show a refinement within the rich-club structure (increase in transitivity and betweenness centrality), as well as increased efficiency in the feeder subnetwork and decreased measures of network integration and segregation in the seeder subnetwork. These results demonstrate the different developmental patterns when analyzing the connectome stratified according to its rich-club and the potential of utilizing this subnetwork analysis to reveal the evolution of brain architectural alterations across the life-span

Molecular lens applied to benzene and carbon disulfide molecular beams

A molecular lens of the nonresonant dipole force formed by focusing a nanosecond IR laser pulse has been applied to benzene and CS2 molecular beams. Using the velocity map imaging technique for molecular ray tracing, characteristic molecular lens parameters including the focal length (f ), minimum beam width (W), and distance to the minimum beam width position (D) were determined. The laser intensity dependence of the observed lens parameters was in good agreement with theoretical predictions. W was independent of the laser peak intensity (I-0), whereas f and D varied linearly with 1/I-0. The differences in lens parameters between the molecular species were well correlated with the polarizability per mass values of the molecules. A high chromatographic resolution of Rs = 0.84 was achieved between the images of benzene molecular beams undeflected and deflected by the lens. The possibilities for a new type of chromatography are discussed.open293

On the complexity of color-avoiding site and bond percolation

The mathematical analysis of robustness and error-tolerance of complex networks has been in the center of research interest. On the other hand, little work has been done when the attack-tolerance of the vertices or edges are not independent but certain classes of vertices or edges share a mutual vulnerability. In this study, we consider a graph and we assign colors to the vertices or edges, where the color-classes correspond to the shared vulnerabilities. An important problem is to find robustly connected vertex sets: nodes that remain connected to each other by paths providing any type of error (i.e. erasing any vertices or edges of the given color). This is also known as color-avoiding percolation. In this paper, we study various possible modeling approaches of shared vulnerabilities, we analyze the computational complexity of finding the robustly (color-avoiding) connected components. We find that the presented approaches differ significantly regarding their complexity.Comment: 14 page

Recent progress in organic-based radiative cooling materials: fabrication methods and thermal management properties

Organic-based materials capable of radiative cooling have attracted widespread interest in recent years due to their ease of engineering and good adaptability to different application scenarios. As a cooling material for walls, clothing, and electronic devices, these materials can reduce the energy consumption load of air conditioning, improve thermal comfort, and reduce carbon emissions. In this paper, an overview is given of the current fabrication strategies of organic-based radiative cooling materials, and of their properties. The methods and joint thermal management strategies including evaporative cooling, phase-change materials, fluorescence, and light-absorbing materials that have been demonstrated in conjunction with a radiative cooling function are also discussed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of organic-based radiative cooling, exemplifying the emerging application directions in this field and highlighting promising future research directions in the field

Molecular lens of the nonresonant dipole force

A cylindrical molecular lens is formed by focusing a nanosecond IR laser pulse. Trajectories of a CS2 molecular beam deflected by the lens are traced using the velocity map imaging technique. The characteristic lens parameters including the focal length, minimum beam width, and distance to the minimum-width position are determined. The laser intensity dependence of the parameters is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Exciting possibilities for molecular optics and a new type of optical chromatography are opened up.open394

Multi-user video streaming using unequal error protection network coding in wireless networks

In this paper, we investigate a multi-user video streaming system applying unequal error protection (UEP) network coding (NC) for simultaneous real-time exchange of scalable video streams among multiple users. We focus on a simple wireless scenario where users exchange encoded data packets over a common central network node (e.g., a base station or an access point) that aims to capture the fundamental system behaviour. Our goal is to present analytical tools that provide both the decoding probability analysis and the expected delay guarantees for different importance layers of scalable video streams. Using the proposed tools, we offer a simple framework for design and analysis of UEP NC based multi-user video streaming systems and provide examples of system design for video conferencing scenario in broadband wireless cellular networks