Distilling Causal Effect from Miscellaneous Other-Class for Continual Named Entity Recognition

Continual Learning for Named Entity Recognition (CL-NER) aims to learn a growing number of entity types over time from a stream of data. However, simply learning Other-Class in the same way as new entity types amplifies the catastrophic forgetting and leads to a substantial performance drop. The main cause behind this is that Other-Class samples usually contain old entity types, and the old knowledge in these Other-Class samples is not preserved properly. Thanks to the causal inference, we identify that the forgetting is caused by the missing causal effect from the old data. To this end, we propose a unified causal framework to retrieve the causality from both new entity types and Other-Class. Furthermore, we apply curriculum learning to mitigate the impact of label noise and introduce a self-adaptive weight for balancing the causal effects between new entity types and Other-Class. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method by a large margin. Moreover, our method can be combined with the existing state-of-the-art methods to improve the performance in CL-NERComment: Accepted by EMNLP202

Eco-Hydrology Modeling in Coastal Louisiana to Assess Project Effects on the Landscape

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

NC unit trapped by fullerenes: a density functional theory study on Sc3NC@C-2n (2n=68, 78 and 80)

Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) with a trapped cluster size larger than four are rather scarce. Inspired by a recent experimental observation, we explored the possibility of encapsulating an unusual Sc3NC unit in three representative fullerene cages, namely, C-68, C-78 and C-80, by means of density functional computations. The geometries, electronic and electrochemical redox properties of the corresponding EMFs, Sc3NC@C-2n (2n = 68, 78 and 80), were investigated. These novel EMFs all have very favorable binding energies, implying a considerable possibility for experimental realization. The recently observed m/z = 1121 peak in the mass spectroscopy was characterized as Sc3NC@C-80. Notably the lowest-energy isomer of Sc3NC@C-78 has a non-IPR C-78 outer cage, the possibility to accommodate five atoms inside a fullerene as small as C-68 is also intriguing. Moreover, the intracluster and metal-cage covalent interactions were revealed by a quantum theory of atoms in molecules study. Infrared absorption spectra and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were also computed to assist future experimental characterization.NSFC [20773018, 20873067, 20673088, 20425312, 20721001, 20423002]; 973 Program [2007CB815307]; NSF, USA [CHE-0716718]; Institute for Functional Nanomaterials (NSF) [0701525]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [RD-83385601

Evaluation on Traffic Guidance Plan during Construction Period based on Vissim Simulation

With the urbanization process speeding up, the construction of City Road increased rapidly. So limited road resource is often occupied during the road construction, which makes road capacity of construction affected area greatly decrease. Then the contradiction of city original transport supply becomes more prominent. Therefore, it is very important to make a reasonable traffic organization plan. At first According to the present traffic investigation and construction site management program, combining with the OD (Origin - Destination) distribution principle, the traffic impact of construction section is analyzed, the scope of influence is determined. The Taihangshan Road of Qingdao No.1 subway line is taken as an example, three evaluation indicators, such as: average delays, queue length, number of vehicles between OD points are selected combined with current traffic flow. The available traffic guiding schemes include temporary widening of roads, traffic management measures and construction safety guarantee measures, and so on. Then VISSIM is used for the guidance measures simulation. Finally, According to the simulation results, quantitative guidance measures are evaluated. The choice of reasonable conduct measures is based on relevant data

Mediastinal high-grade vasculogenic mesenchymal tumour with seminoma: a case report and literature review

Abstract Germ cell tumours with somatic-type solid malignancy (GCT-STM) are a rare disease of the mediastinum. Recently, a cohort of vasculogenic mesenchymal tumour (VMT)-nonseminoma cases with different prognoses were recognized and reported. Here, we report a case of mediastinal high-grade VMT with a seminoma. A 16-year-old male had a fever, chest tightness and fatigue. Chest CT showed a 7.5 cm×5.3 cm solid mass in the right anterior mediastinum. The serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were within the normal range. Tumorectomy was performed. The tumour was irregular, and no capsule was found. The cut surface was greyish white and greyish brown with medium consistency. There were foci of bleeding and necrosis. Microscopic histology showed prominent vascular proliferation, which was lined by mildly atypical endothelial cells in a cellular stroma with significant cytologic atypia. The vascular spectrum varied from crevice-like or antler-like thin- to thick-walled vessels. Beyond the tumour area, inside the remnant thymus tissues, there were small clusters of polygonal tumour cells with clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, and round to polygonal nuclei with prominent nucleoli that were positive for Oct4, PLAP, SALL4 and CD117. The patient did not receive any treatments pre- or postoperation, and his condition was stable without progression after 14 months of follow-up evaluation. Here, we added a new entity of GCT-STM of the mediastinum composed of VMT and seminoma. A better understanding of the pathological features of GCT-VMT could help pathologists improve their awareness of these rare diseases

Effect of H₂S on the circadian rhythm of mouse hepatocytes

Abstract Background Dysregulation of circadian rhythms can contribute to diseases of lipid metabolism. NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1(SIRT1) is an important hub which links lipid metabolism with circadian clock by its deacetylation activity depends on intracellular NAD+/NADH content ratio. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous reductant which can affect the intracellular redox state. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous H2S can affect the expression of circadian clock genes mediated by sirt1 thereby affecting body's lipid metabolism. And also because the liver is a typical peripheral circadian clock oscillator that is intimately linked to lipid metabolism. Thus the effect of H2S were observed on 24-hour dynamic expression of 4 central circadian clock genes and sirt1gene in primary cultured hepatocytes. Results We established a hepatocyte model that showed a circadian rhythm by serum shock method. And detected that the expression level and the peak of circadian clock genes decreased gradually and H2S could maintain the expression and amplitude of circadian clock genes such as Clock, Per2, Bmal1 and Rev-erbαwithin a certain period time. Accordingly the expression level of sirt1 in H2S group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Conclusion Exogenous reductant H2S maintain the circadian rhythm of clock gene in isolated liver cells. We speculated that H2S has changed NAD+/NADH content ratio in hepatocytes and enhanced the activity of SIRT1 protein directly or indirectly, so as to maintain the rhythm of expression of circadian clock genes, they play a role in the prevention and treatment of lipid metabolism-related disease caused by the biological clock disorders.</p

Research on Decoupling of Parallel Six-Axis Force/Torque Sensor Based on an Independent Component Analysis

This study proposes a parallel six-axis force/torque sensor decoupling method based on an independent component analysis (ICA), and the experimental platform is built for experimental exploration. First of all, the structural model and mathematical model of the parallel six-axis force/torque sensor are introduced, which is composed of single-dimensional force sensors with central symmetry. Secondly, the test prototype was developed and a test platform was built to perform online static loading test on the sensor, and the test results were analyzed. Finally, the ICA-based dynamic decoupling study of the sensor is carried out, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed algorithm are proved. The research results of this paper have certain reference values for the further study of the decoupling of parallel six-axis force/torque sensors