Label Mask AutoEncoder(L-MAE): A Pure Transformer Method to Augment Semantic Segmentation Datasets

Semantic segmentation models based on the conventional neural network can achieve remarkable performance in such tasks, while the dataset is crucial to the training model process. Significant progress in expanding datasets has been made in semi-supervised semantic segmentation recently. However, completing the pixel-level information remains challenging due to possible missing in a label. Inspired by Mask AutoEncoder, we present a simple yet effective Pixel-Level completion method, Label Mask AutoEncoder(L-MAE), that fully uses the existing information in the label to predict results. The proposed model adopts the fusion strategy that stacks the label and the corresponding image, namely Fuse Map. Moreover, since some of the image information is lost when masking the Fuse Map, direct reconstruction may lead to poor performance. Our proposed Image Patch Supplement algorithm can supplement the missing information, as the experiment shows, an average of 4.1% mIoU can be improved. The Pascal VOC2012 dataset (224 crop size, 20 classes) and the Cityscape dataset (448 crop size, 19 classes) are used in the comparative experiments. With the Mask Ratio setting to 50%, in terms of the prediction region, the proposed model achieves 91.0% and 86.4% of mIoU on Pascal VOC 2012 and Cityscape, respectively, outperforming other current supervised semantic segmentation models. Our code and models are available at https://github.com/jjrccop/Label-Mask-Auto-Encoder

THEORY RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF CT TECHNOLOGY TO SHIELDED NUCLEAR MATERIAL DISCRIMINATION

Abstract Smuggling of nuclear material is a serious threat to security of international society. Formal research on nuclear material discrimination can fulfil customs inspection requirement. This paper designs a situation that nuclear material which is packaged and shielded by heavy metal need to be discriminated accurately on the condition that the object being detected cannot be dismantled. Calculation results prove nuclear material could be discriminated accurately while the ideal condition is fulfilled. If multi-energy X-ray source is used the discrimination accuracy is declined. However the accuracy could be improved while energy spectrum shaping technique is used

Magnesium-Rich Calcium Phosphate Derived from Tilapia Bone Has Superior Osteogenic Potential

We extracted magnesium-rich calcium phosphate bioceramics from tilapia bone using a gradient thermal treatment approach and investigated their chemical and physicochemical properties. X-ray diffraction showed that tilapia fish bone-derived hydroxyapatite (FHA) was generated through the first stage of thermal processing at 600–800 °C. Using FHA as a precursor, fish bone biphasic calcium phosphate (FBCP) was produced after the second stage of thermal processing at 900–1200 °C. The beta-tricalcium phosphate content in the FBCP increased with an increasing calcination temperature. The fact that the lattice spacing of the FHA and FBCP was smaller than that of commercial hydroxyapatite (CHA) suggests that Mg-substituted calcium phosphate was produced via the gradient thermal treatment. Both the FHA and FBCP contained considerable quantities of magnesium, with the FHA having a higher concentration. In addition, the FHA and FBCP, particularly the FBCP, degraded faster than the CHA. After one day of degradation, both the FHA and FBCP released Mg2+, with cumulative amounts of 4.38 mg/L and 0.58 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the FHA and FBCP demonstrated superior bone-like apatite formation; they are non-toxic and exhibit better osteoconductive activity than the CHA. In light of our findings, bioceramics originating from tilapia bone appear to be promising in biomedical applications such as fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds

Retrievals of Arctic sea ice melt pond depth and underlying ice thickness using optical data

Melt pond is a distinctive characteristic of the summer Arctic, which affects energy balance in the Arctic system. The Delta-Eddington model (BL) and Two-strEam rAdiative transfer model (TEA) are employed to retrieving pond depth Hp and underlying ice thickness Hi according to the ratio X of the melt-pond albedo in two bands. Results showed that when λ1 = 359 nm and λ2 = 605 nm, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient r between X and Hp is 0.99 for the BL model. The result of TEA model was similar to the BL model. The retrievals of Hp for the two models agreed well with field observations. For Hi, the highest r (0.99) was obtained when λ1 = 447 nm and λ2 = 470 nm for the BL model, λ1 = 447 nm and λ2 = 451 nm for the TEA model. Furthermore, the BL model was more suitable for the retrieval of thick ice (0 < Hi < 3.5 m, R2 = 0.632), while the TEA model is on the contrary (Hi < 1 m, R2 = 0.842). The present results provide a potential method for the remote sensing on melt pond and ice in the Arctic summer

Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screen identifies C16orf62 as a host dependency factor for porcine deltacoronavirus infection

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging pathogen that can cause severe diarrhoea and high mortality in suckling piglets. Moreover, evidence of PDCoV infection in humans has raised concerns regarding potential public health risks. To identify potential therapeutic targets for PDCoV, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening to find key host factors important to PDCoV infection. Several host genes in this screen were enriched, including ANPEP, which encodes the PDCoV receptor aminopeptidase N (APN). Furthermore, we discovered C16orf62, also known as the VPS35 endosomal protein sorting factor like (VPS35L), as an important host factor required for PDCoV infection. C16orf62 is an important component of the multiprotein retriever complex involved in protein recycling in the endosomal compartment and its gene knockout led to a remarkable decrease in the binding and internalization of PDCoV into host cells. While we did not find evidence for direct interaction between C16orf62 and the viral s (spike) protein, C16orf62 gene knockout was shown to downregulate APN expression at the cell surface. This study marks the first instance of a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based screen tailored for PDCoV, revealing C16orf62 as a host factor required for PDCoV replication. These insights may provide promising avenues for the development of antiviral drugs against PDCoV infection

The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer Book 2018

(Abridged) This is the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer 2018 book. It is intended as a concise reference guide to all aspects of the scientific and technical design of MSE, for the international astronomy and engineering communities, and related agencies. The current version is a status report of MSE's science goals and their practical implementation, following the System Conceptual Design Review, held in January 2018. MSE is a planned 10-m class, wide-field, optical and near-infrared facility, designed to enable transformative science, while filling a critical missing gap in the emerging international network of large-scale astronomical facilities. MSE is completely dedicated to multi-object spectroscopy of samples of between thousands and millions of astrophysical objects. It will lead the world in this arena, due to its unique design capabilities: it will boast a large (11.25 m) aperture and wide (1.52 sq. degree) field of view; it will have the capabilities to observe at a wide range of spectral resolutions, from R2500 to R40,000, with massive multiplexing (4332 spectra per exposure, with all spectral resolutions available at all times), and an on-target observing efficiency of more than 80%. MSE will unveil the composition and dynamics of the faint Universe and is designed to excel at precision studies of faint astrophysical phenomena. It will also provide critical follow-up for multi-wavelength imaging surveys, such as those of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Gaia, Euclid, the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, the Square Kilometre Array, and the Next Generation Very Large Array.Comment: 5 chapters, 160 pages, 107 figure

Application of pushover analysis in estimating seismic demands for large-span spatial structure

p. 1987-1994Pushover analysis has been widely adopted in the seismic analysis of low- and medium-rise structures. It needs to be studied whether it is accurate for large-span spatial structure. In this paper, pushover analysis of a large-span spatial structure, Beijing A380 hangar structure at Capital International Airport is introduced. The modal load pattern is adopted to perform pushover analysis for the hangar structure. The pushover analysis results are compared with nonlinear response history analysis results. It is concluded that pushover analysis is accurate enough for large-span spatial structure, provided the modal participating mass ratio is larger than about 0.65.Zhang, W.; Qian, J. (2010). Application of pushover analysis in estimating seismic demands for large-span spatial structure. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/718

Identification and Virulence Assay of the Entomogenous Fungus FE-1 Strain Isolated from Phenacoccus solenoposis

【Objective】This study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of an entomogenous fungus strain isolated from Phenacoccus solenoposis, for providing the basis of its development as a biocontrol agent.【Method】The strain was isolated and purified from the diseased P.solenoposis using tissue isolation method. Based on the cultural traits, morphological traits and phylogenetic tree analysis, its taxonomic ststus was clarified. The infection mode of strain on P.solenoposis was explored by scanning electron microscope, which clarified its ability to infect P.solenoposis. The pathogenicity of the strain to P.solenoposis was measured by leaf dipping and insect dipping method.【Result】A strain FE-1 was isolated and purified from the diseased P.solenoposis, the morphological traits results showed that the colony diameter of strain FE-1 ranged from 50 to 60 mm at 5 days on PDA medium, and the colony was orange-white in front. The conidia morphology had two types, which small type was long column shape and large spore was sickle shape. The strain FE-1 was identified as Fusarium equiseti based on cultural traits, morphological traits and phglogenetic tree analysis. The strain FE-1 infected into the insect body cavity of P.solenoposis mainly by conidia germination forming germ tubes at the epidermis for growing horizontally, and the formation of expanded appressorium at the specific contact epidermis, which clarified its ability to infect P.solenoposis. The results of indoor toxicity measuremerts showed that the pathogenicity of strain FE-1 against female adults of P.solenoposis was gradually increased with the concentration of conidial suspension. At the spore concentration of 1×108 CFU / mL, LT50 was 3.32 days, while at 7 days after inoculation, the adjusted mortality of P.solenoposis female adults was 87.50±1.79%, LC50 was 1.8×105 CFU /mL.【Conclusion】A strain FE-1 isolated and purified from the diseased P.solenoposis can form expanded appressorium at the specific contact epidermis for infection, which clarifies its ability to infect P.solenoposis. Meanwhile, the strain FE-1 is highly pathogenic against P.solenoposis, which has great potential for biocontrol and provide original material for the biocontrol research of P.solenoposis

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

Harmonic atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to discriminate between different materials and to estimate the mixture ratio of the constituent components in nanocomposites. The major influencing factors, namely amplitude feedback set-point, drive frequency and laser spot position along the cantilever beam, were systematically investigated. Employing different set-points induces alternation of tip–sample interaction forces and thus different harmonic responses. The numerical simulations of the cantilever dynamics were well-correlated with the experimental observations. Owing to the deviation of the drive frequency from the fundamental resonance, harmonic amplitude contrast reversal may occur. It was also found that the laser spot position affects the harmonic signal strengths as expected. Based on these investigations, harmonic AFM was employed to identify material components and estimate the mixture ratio in multicomponent materials. The composite samples are composed of different kinds of nanoparticles with almost the same shape and size. Higher harmonic imaging offers better information on the distribution and mixture of different nanoparticles as compared to other techniques, including topography and conventional tapping phase. Therefore, harmonic AFM has potential applications in various fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology