Effect of a combination of infrared irradiation and magnesium sulfate wet compress on infection and healing of episiotomy incision in puerperae

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a combination of infrared irradiation and magnesium sulfate wet compress on infection and healing of episiotomy incision in puerperae during spontaneous delivery. Methods: A total of 120 puerperae who underwent lateral episiotomy in Jinan Maternity and Child Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2019 to January 2020 were used as study subjects. They were randomly assigned to group A (n = 60) and group B (n = 60). Group B received external application of anerdian, while group A was treated with infrared irradiation and magnesium sulfate wet compress, in addition to receiving the treatment given to group B. The two groups were compared with respect to perineal edema, levels of inflammatory factors, wound pain grading, degree of incision healing, incision healing time, and incidence of infection. Results: Group A patients had significantly lighter perineal edema and more pronounced pain relief than group B patients (p < 0.05). The number of puerperae with grade A healing and grade C healing in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (p < 0.05). Incision healing time and incidence of infection were lower in group A than in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of infrared irradiation and magnesium sulfate wet compress effectively mitigates perineal edema in puerperae, reduces pain, enhances the healing of incision, and lowers maternal infection. Thus, this combination strategy may have some merit in clinical practice

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals novel regulators of human embryonic stem cell differentiation to definitive endoderm

Background: Human pluripotent stem cells offer the best available model to study the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of human embryonic lineage specification. However, it is not fully understood how individual stem cells exit the pluripotent state and transition towards their respective progenitor states. Results: Here, we analyze the transcriptomes of human embryonic stem cell-derived lineage-specific progenitors by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). We identify a definitive endoderm (DE) transcriptomic signature that leads us to pinpoint a critical time window when DE differentiation is enhanced by hypoxia. The molecular mechanisms governing the emergence of DE are further examined by time course scRNA-seq experiments, employing two new statistical tools to identify stage-specific genes over time (SCPattern) and to reconstruct the differentiation trajectory from the pluripotent state through mesendoderm to DE (Wave-Crest). Importantly, presumptive DE cells can be detected during the transitory phase from Brachyury (T)+ mesendoderm toward a CXCR4+ DE state. Novel regulators are identified within this time window and are functionally validated on a screening platform with a T-2A-EGFP knock-in reporter engineered by CRISPR/Cas9. Through loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, we demonstrate that KLF8 plays a pivotal role modulating mesendoderm to DE differentiation. Conclusions: We report the analysis of 1776 cells by scRNA-seq covering distinct human embryonic stem cell-derived progenitor states. By reconstructing a differentiation trajectory at single-cell resolution, novel regulators of the mesendoderm transition to DE are elucidated and validated. Our strategy of combining single-cell analysis and genetic approaches can be applied to uncover novel regulators governing cell fate decisions in a variety of systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1033-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Three-Dimensional CFD Modeling of Transport Phenomena in a Cross-Flow Anode-Supported Planar SOFC

In this study, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed for an anode-supported planar SOFC from the Chinese Academy of Science Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering (NIMTE). The simulation results of the developed model are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained under the same conditions. With the simulation results, the distribution of temperature, flow velocity and the gas concentrations through the cell components and gas channels is presented and discussed. Potential and current density distributions in the cell and overall fuel utilization are also presented. It is also found that the temperature gradients exist along the length of the cell, and the maximum value of the temperature for the cross-flow is at the outlet region of the cell. The distribution of the current density is uneven, and the maximum current density is located at the interfaces between the channels, ribs and the electrodes, the maximum current density result in a large over-potential and heat source in the electrodes, which is harmful to the overall performance and working lifespan of the fuel cells. A new type of flow structure should be developed to make the current flow be more evenly distributed and promote most of the TPB areas to take part in the electrochemical reactions

Introducing Large Genomic Deletions in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR‐Cas3

CRISPR‐Cas systems provide researchers with eukaryotic genome editing tools and therapeutic platforms that make it possible to target disease mutations in somatic organs. Most of these tools employ Type II (e.g., Cas9) or Type V (e.g., Cas12a) CRISPR enzymes to create RNA‐guided precise double‐strand breaks in the genome. However, such technologies are limited in their capacity to make targeted large deletions. Recently, the Type I CRISPR system, which is prevalent in microbes and displays unique enzymatic features, has been harnessed to effectively create large chromosomal deletions in human cells. Type I CRISPR first uses a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex called Cascade to find its guide‐complementary target site, and then recruits a helicase‐nuclease enzyme, Cas3, to travel along and shred the target DNA over a long distance with high processivity. When introduced into human cells as purified RNPs, the CRISPR‐Cas3 complex can efficiently induce large genomic deletions of varying lengths (1‐100 kb) from the CRISPR‐targeted site. Because of this unique editing outcome, CRISPR‐Cas3 holds great promise for tasks such as the removal of integrated viral genomes and the interrogation of structural variants affecting gene function and human disease. Here, we provide detailed protocols for introducing large deletions using CRISPR‐Cas3. We describe step‐by‐step procedures for purifying the Type I‐E CRISPR proteins Cascade and Cas3 from Thermobifida fusca, electroporating RNPs into human cells, and characterizing DNA deletions using PCR and sequencing. We focus here on human pluripotent stem cells due to their clinical potential, but these protocols will be broadly useful for other cell lines and model organisms for applications including large genomic deletion, full‐gene or ‐chromosome removal, and CRISPR screening for noncoding elements, among others. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Expression and purification of Tfu Cascade RNPSupport Protocol 1: Expression and purification of TfuCas3 proteinSupport Protocol 2: Culture of human pluripotent stem cellsBasic Protocol 2: Introduction of Tfu Cascade RNP and Cas3 protein into hPSCs via electroporationBasic Protocol 3: Characterization of genomic DNA lesions using long‐range PCR, TOPO cloning, and Sanger sequencingAlternate Protocol: Comprehensive analysis of genomic lesions by Tn5‐based next‐generation sequencingSupport Protocol 3: Single‐cell clonal isolationPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/171838/1/cpz1361.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/171838/2/cpz1361_am.pd

DC-link oscillation suppression method based on q-axis voltage compensation of a 180 kW PMSM traction system for urban rail transit

Under certain working conditions, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) traction system of urban rail transit shows negative impedance characteristics, which is easy to cause voltage resonance of DC-link and lead to instability of the system. In order to ensure the stability of the system, a DC-link oscillation suppression method based on q-axis voltage compensation is proposed. Firstly, the PMSM traction system and oscillation mechanism of DC-link are analyzed. Secondly, a stable control method based on q-axis feedforward decoupling voltage compensation is adopted to realize the decoupling control of PMSM and the suppression of DC-link oscillation. Finally, the method is verified on a 180 kW PMSM traction system, simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the DC-link oscillation suppression method

Research on internal model control and hybrid modulation strategy of a MW-level direct-drive PMSM for traction drives in electric locomotive

Aiming at the problem of motor control performance degradation caused by the cross-coupling and low switching frequency condition in the high-power direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system, a robust current control of PMSM based on internal model control (IMC) and hybrid pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed and applied to the control of a MW-level direct-drive PMSM in electric locomotive traction system. Firstly, combined with the characteristics of the low switching frequency of the electric locomotive inverter, a hybrid PWM strategy is adopted. Secondly, the IMC of PMSM is designed, and the IMC is adopted to solve the problems of more control parameters and cross-coupling of direct-drive PMSM in the d-q axis under low switching frequency, which improves the robustness of the whole locomotive system. Finally, the experiments have been carried out on a 1.2 MW direct-drive PMSM for traction system in electric locomotive, the correctness and effectiveness of IMC and hybrid PWM strategy are verified

Integrated Sliding Mode Velocity Control of Linear Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Thrust Ripple Compensation

In this paper, a compound sliding mode velocity control scheme with a new exponential reaching law (NERL) with thrust ripple observation strategy is proposed to obtain a high performance velocity loop of the linear permanent magnet synchronous motor (LPMSM) control system. A sliding mode velocity controller based on NERL is firstly discussed to restrain chattering of the conventional exponential reaching law (CERL). Furthermore, the unavoidable thrust ripple caused by the special structure of linear motor will bring about velocity fluctuation and reduced control performance. Thus, a thrust ripple compensation strategy on the basis of extend Kalman filter (EKF) theory is proposed. The estimated thrust ripple will be introduced into the sliding mode velocity controller to optimize the control accuracy and robustness. The effectiveness of the proposal is validated with experimental results