161 research outputs found
Robot Manipulator Control and Computational Cost
In this paper robot control algorithms are considered from the point of view of computational complexity. All the algorithms provide for hybrid position and force control which is appropriate to unstructured environments. Both joint coordinate and generalized coordinate motion schemes are considered. The findings are interesting in that the peripheral processing involved in all methods, sometimes, swamps the orders of magnitude differences in computation involved in the inner loops. It is also interesting to note the similarity in complexity between direct methods and differential. Between joint coordinate methods and generalized coordinate methods there is a general two to one ratio in complexity. In general a 0.75 M Flop, 1.25 Mip machine is required to provide for a control rate of 250 hz
Hessian-Aware Bayesian Optimization for Decision Making Systems
Many approaches for optimizing decision making systems rely on gradient based
methods requiring informative feedback from the environment. However, in the
case where such feedback is sparse or uninformative, such approaches may result
in poor performance. Derivative-free approaches such as Bayesian Optimization
mitigate the dependency on the quality of gradient feedback, but are known to
scale poorly in the high-dimension setting of complex decision making systems.
This problem is exacerbated if the system requires interactions between several
actors cooperating to accomplish a shared goal. To address the dimensionality
challenge, we propose a compact multi-layered architecture modeling the
dynamics of actor interactions through the concept of role. Additionally, we
introduce Hessian-aware Bayesian Optimization to efficiently optimize the
multi-layered architecture parameterized by a large number of parameters.
Experimental results demonstrate that our method (HA-GP-UCB) works effectively
on several benchmarks under resource constraints and malformed feedback
settings.Comment: Included important citatio
A Distributed System for Robot Manipulator Control
This is the final report representing three years of work under the current grant. This work was directed to the development of a distributed computer architecture to function as a force and motion server to a robot system. In the course of this work we developed a compliant contact sensor to provide for transitions between position and force control; we have developed an end-effector capable of securing a stable grasp on an object and a theory of grasping; we have built a controller which minimizes control delays, and are currently achieving delays of the order of five milliseconds, with sample rates of 200 hertz; we have developed parallel kinematics algorithms for the controller; we have developed a consistent approach to the definition of motion both in joint coordinates and in Cartesian coordinates; we have developed a symbolic simplification software package to generate the dynamics equations of a manipulator such that the calculations may be split between background and foreground
Insulin resistance in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with C-reactive protein independent of abdominal obesity
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is debate as to whether the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin resistance is independent of body fatness, particularly central obesity. Therefore, the association among CRP, insulin resistance and obesity was analyzed in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included 520 Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with CRP levels not exceeding 10 mg/L. The degree of insulin resistance was determined with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The CRP levels were categorized into quartiles from the lowest to the highest concentrations (Q1-Q4).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were both higher in Q4, Q3 and Q2 than those in Q1. HOMA-IR was higher in Q2, Q3 and Q4 than that in Q1 (Q1 vs Q4, P < 0.001; Q1 vs Q3, P < 0.001; Q1 vs Q2, P = 0.028). Log CRP was significantly correlated with log HOMA-IR (correlation coefficient: 0.230, P < 0.001) and BMI (correlation coefficient: 0.305, P < 0.001) and WC (correlation coefficient: 0.240, P < 0.001) by Spearman correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for age, gender and components of metabolic syndrome, log CRP was also independently associated with log HOMA-IR (β coefficient, 0.168; P < 0.001) and WC (β coefficient, 0.131; P = 0.006).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings showed that insulin resistance was associated with CRP levels independent of abdominal obesity in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that abdominal obesity could only partly explain the link between subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance.</p
A Distributed System for Robot Manipulator Control, NSF Grant ECS-11879 Fourth Report
This is the fourth annual report representing our last year\u27s work under the current grant. This work was directed to the development of a distributed computer architecture to function as a force and motion server to a robot system. In the course of this work we developed a compliant contact sensor to provide for transitions between position and force control; developed an end-effector capable of securing a stable grasp on an object and a theory of grasping; developed and built a controller which minimizes control delays; explored a parallel kinematics algorithms for the controller; developed a consistent approach to the definition of motion both in joint coordinates and in Cartesian coordinates; developed a symbolic simplification software package to generate the dynamics equations of a manipulator such that the calculations may be split between background and foreground
A Longitudinal Analysis about the Effect of Air Pollution on Astigmatism for Children and Young Adults
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between air
pollution and astigmatism, considering the detrimental effects of air pollution
on respiratory, cardiovascular, and eye health. Methods: A longitudinal study
was conducted with 127,709 individuals aged 4-27 years from 9 cities in
Guangdong Province, China, spanning from 2019 to 2021. Astigmatism was measured
using cylinder values. Multiple measurements were taken at intervals of at
least 1 year. Various exposure windows were used to assess the lagged impacts
of air pollution on astigmatism. A panel data model with random effects was
constructed to analyze the relationship between pollutant exposure and
astigmatism. Results: The study revealed significant associations between
astigmatism and exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and
particulate matter (PM2.5) over time. A 10 {\mu}g/m3 increase in a 3-year
exposure window of NO2 and PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in cylinder
value of -0.045 diopters and -0.017 diopters, respectively. A 0.1 mg/m3
increase in CO concentration within a 2-year exposure window correlated with a
decrease in cylinder value of -0.009 diopters. No significant relationships
were found between PM10 exposure and astigmatism. Conclusion: This study
concluded that greater exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 over longer periods aggravates
astigmatism. The negative effect of CO on astigmatism peaks in the exposure
window of 2 years prior to examination and diminishes afterward. No significant
association was found between PM10 exposure and astigmatism, suggesting that
gaseous and smaller particulate pollutants have easier access to human eyes,
causing heterogeneous morphological changes to the eyeball
Association of lipid profiles and the ratios with arterial stiffness in middle-aged and elderly Chinese
BACKGROUND: Serum lipids and the ratios are known to be associated with the cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the associations of serum lipids and the ratios related to arterial stiffness are unclear. We sought to compare the strength of these serum lipids and the ratios with arterial stiffness assessing by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese subjects. METHODS: A total number of 1133 Chinese aged from 50 to 90 years old were recruited from Shanghai downtown district. The serum lipids, baPWV and major cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured. RESULTS: Participants with high baPWV exhibited higher levels of non-HDL-c, TC/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, and non-HDL-c/HDL-c, while HDL-c worked in the opposite direction (all P<0.05). In addition, TC, TG, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, TC/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, and non-HDL-c/HDL-c had a positive relationship with the baPWV value, while HDL-c was on the contrary (all P <0.05). Finally, individuals with high non-HDL-c/HDL-c (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06-2.55, P = 0.013) and low HDL-c (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.96, P = 0.024) were seem to be at high risk of arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: As a risk indicator, non-HDL-c/HDL-c, which could be readily obtained from routine serum lipids, was significantly associated with baPWV. Non-HDL-c/HDL-c was superior to traditional lipid variables for estimating arterial stiffness in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population
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