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All-Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Opportunities and Challenges.
The past decade has witnessed the growing interest in metal halide perovskites as driven by their promising applications in diverse fields. The low intrinsic stability of the early developed organic versions has however hampered their widespread applications. Very recently, all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as a new class of materials that hold great promise for the practical applications in solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and lasers, among others. In this Outlook, we first discuss the recent developments in the preparation, properties, and applications of all-inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals, with a particular focus on CsPbX3, and then provide our view of current challenges and future directions in this emerging area. Our goal is to introduce the current status of this type of new materials to researchers from different areas and motivate them to explore all the potentials
Evolution of the Customary International law on the Cultural Property Plundered in War
This article presents an unambiguous evolutionary sequence of historical events leading to the development of customary international law, seen with reference to the mutual influence and transformation of legal philosophy, practice and codification on plundering cultural property during wars. The contemporary legal rules and customs working against taking cultural property as spoils of war are rooted in the eighteenth century, and were consistently developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Restitution appears the best remedy for the country of origin, especially in the condition where the plundered cultural property is existent and identifiable. Achieving this goal depends on the cooperation and coordination throughout the world, based on a wider customary international law space.Artykuł niniejszy prezentuje w sposób chronologiczny ewolucję międzynarodowego prawa zwyczajowego w odniesieniu do zaboru dóbr kulturalnych. Autor opierając się na przedstawionych wybranych wydarzeniach historycznych mających wpływ na tę sferę prawa wojennego, wskazuje na wzajemne zależności i przeobrażenia w prawniczej filozofii, praktyce i kodyfikacji. Obecnie obowiązujące prawne regulacje i obyczaje zabraniające zaboru dóbr kulturalnych jako łupów wojennych zrodziły się w wieku osiemnastym i były konsekwentnie rozwijane w wieku dziewiętnastym i dwudziestym. Zwrot zagrabionych dóbr państwu, które jest ich właścicielem, wydaje się najlepszym wyjściem, szczególnie w sytuacji, gdy zrabowane przedmioty pozostają w stanie nienaruszonym i są identyfikowalne. Osiągnięcie tego celu jest uzależnione od współpracy i koordynacji działań na całym świecie, realizowanych w szerszej przestrzeni prawa międzynarodowego
Dissipative dynamics in a tunable Rabi dimer with periodic harmonic driving
Recent progress on qubit manipulation allows application of periodic driving
signals on qubits. In this study, a harmonic driving field is added to a Rabi
dimer to engineer photon and qubit dynamics in a circuit quantum
electrodynamics device. To model environmental effects, qubits in the Rabi
dimer are coupled to a phonon bath with a sub-Ohmic spectral density. A
non-perturbative treatment, the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variational
principle together with the multiple Davydov D {\it Ansatz} is employed to
explore the dynamical behavior of the tunable Rabi dimer. In the absence of the
phonon bath, the amplitude damping of the photon number oscillation is greatly
suppressed by the driving field, and photons can be created thanks to
resonances between the periodic driving field and the photon frequency. In the
presence of the phonon bath, one still can change the photon numbers in two
resonators, and indirectly alter the photon imbalance in the Rabi dimer by
directly varying the driving signal in one qubit. It is shown that qubit states
can be manipulated directly by the harmonic driving. The environment is found
to strengthen the interqubit asymmetry induced by the external driving, opening
up a new venue to engineer the qubit states
Engineering Photon Delocalization in a Rabi Dimer with a Dissipative Bath
A Rabi dimer is used to model a recently reported circuit quantum
electrodynamics system composed of two coupled transmission-line resonators
with each coupled to one qubit. In this study, a phonon bath is adopted to
mimic the multimode micromechanical resonators and is coupled to the qubits in
the Rabi dimer. The dynamical behavior of the composite system is studied by
the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variational principle combined with the
multiple Davydov D ans\"{a}tze. Initially all the photons are pumped into
the left resonator, and the two qubits are in the down state coupled with the
phonon vacuum. In the strong qubit-photon coupling regime, the photon dynamics
can be engineered by tuning the qubit-bath coupling strength and
photon delocalization is achieved by increasing . In the absence of
dissipation, photons are localized in the initial resonator. Nevertheless, with
moderate qubit-bath coupling, photons are delocalized with quasiequilibration
of the photon population in two resonators at long times. In this case, high
frequency bath modes are activated by interacting with depolarized qubits. For
strong dissipation, photon delocalization is achieved via frequent
photon-hopping within two resonators and the qubits are suppressed in their
initial down state.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Self-assembly of noble metal nanoparticles into sub-100 nm colloidosomes with collective optical and catalytic properties.
Self-assembly at the nanoscale represents a powerful tool for creating materials with new structures and intriguing collective properties. Here, we report a novel strategy to synthesize nanoscale colloidosomes of noble metals by assembling primary metal nanoparticles at the interface of emulsion droplets formed by their capping agent. This strategy produces noble metal colloidosomes of unprecedentedly small sizes (<100 nm) in high yield and uniformity, which is highly desirable for practical applications. In addition, it enables the high tunability of the composition, producing a diversity of monometallic and bimetallic alloy colloidosomes. The colloidosomes exhibit interesting collective properties that are different from those of individual colloidal nanoparticles. Specifically, we demonstrate Au colloidosomes with well-controlled interparticle plasmon coupling and Au-Pd alloy colloidosomes with superior electrocatalytic performance, both thanks to the special structural features that arise from the assembly. We believe this strategy provides a general platform for producing a rich class of miniature colloidosomes that may have fascinating collective properties for a broad range of applications
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