Projection based lower bounds of concurrence for multipartite quantum systems

We study the concurrence of arbitrary-dimensional multipartite quantum states. Analytical lower bounds of concurrence for tripartite quantum states are derived by projecting high-dimensional states to $2\otimes 2\otimes 2$ substates. The results are then generalized to arbitrary multipartite quantum systems. Furthermore, the scheme enables us obtain lower bounds of concurrence for arbitrary four-partite quantum states by projecting high-dimensional states to arbitrary given lower dimensional substates. By detailed examples we show that our results improve the existing lower bounds of concurrence.Comment: 13pages, 2figure

A Context-Dependent Sentiment Analysis of Online Product Reviews based on Dependency Relationships

Consumers often view online consumer product review as a main channel for obtaining product quality information. Existing studies on product review sentiment analysis usually focus on identifying sentiments of individual reviews as a whole, which may not be effective and helpful for consumers when purchase decisions depend on specific features of products. This study proposes a new feature-level sentiment analysis approach for online product reviews. The proposed method uses an extended PageRank algorithm to extract product features and construct expandable context-dependent sentiment lexicons. Moreover, consumers’ sentiment inclinations toward product features expressed in each review can be derived based on term dependency relationships. The empirical evaluation using consumer reviews of two different products shows a higher level of effectiveness of the proposed method for sentiment analysis in comparison to two existing methods. This study provides new research and practical insights on the analysis of online consumer product reviews

Individualized coracoid osteotomy and 3D congruent arc reconstruction of glenoid for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

Abstract Background The present study investigated individualized coracoid osteotomy for 3D congruent arc glenoid reconstruction and evaluated the clinical outcomes in recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Methods From January 2005 to July 2015, 78 patients with glenoid defect underwent coracoid and conjoint tendon transposition. The patients were divided into the individualized group (n = 34) and the non-individualized group (n = 44). All patients had CT data to reconstruct the shoulder model using Mimics software. In the individualized group, the individual coracoid osteotomy and bone fixation position parameters were measured from preoperative planification through simulating a 3D congruent arc glenoid reconstruction model. The non-individualized group underwent classic Bristow-Latarjet (B-L) procedure. The postoperative evaluation parameters included 3D congruent arc index, coracoid bone position, shoulder osteoarthritis index (Samilson-Prieto) and shoulder function score (Rowe, Constant-Murley score). Results The mean follow-up time was 51.0 months (ranging from 24 to 146). The individualized group got 3D congruent arc reconstruction of the glenoid by postoperative CT scanning. Bone position was more precise in the individual group than that in the B-L group. There was a lower incidence of shoulder osteoarthritis (Samilson-Prieto) in the individual group compared with that in the B-L group: 0 vs 13.6% (mild 6/44, P = 0.027), respectively. No significant difference was observed between the individual and B-L groups in rate of re-dislocation: 0 vs 4.5% (2/44, P = 0.315), respectively. The postoperative Rowe and Constant score was significantly improved but was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion The individual procedure achieved 3D congruent arc glenoid reconstruction. The clinical effects in patients with medium glenoid defect were good, especially the low incidence of shoulder osteoarthritis in middle-term follow-up

Catalytic Synthesis of 3‑Thioindoles Using Bunte Salts as Sulfur Sources under Metal-Free Conditions

An efficient catalytic method for the synthesis of 3-thioindoles has been successfully developed, which uses odorless, stable, readily available crystalline Bunte salts as the sulfenylating agents, iodine as nonmetallic catalyst, and DMSO as both the oxidant and solvent. This method is practical and environmentally benign in terms of sulfur sources, catalyst, and solvent. The catalytic reaction is selective at the C3 position of indoles and compatible with a wide range of substrates, giving the desired products in good to excellent yields

Allelic and haplotypic polymorphisms and paternal genetic analysis of Chinese Shaanxi Han population utilizing a multiplex Y-STR set

Background The analysis of Y chromosomal genetic markers is of great significance in human genetic fields related to male individuals. The Han nationality is the most populous ethnic group. It is critical to investigate the Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) genetic informativeness of Han nationalities in different Chinese regions in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of their paternal genetic relationships and origin. Aim To assess the allelic and haplotypic polymorphisms of the novel AGCU Y SUPP STR amplification system containing seven Y-STRs in the maximal dataset of the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) and 17 newly included Y-STRs, and explore the genetic relationships among the Shaanxi Han population and 12 reference populations from China. Subjects and methods A total sample of 220 Han male subjects were obtained from the Shaanxi Province, China, and genotyped by the novel AGCU Y SUPP STR amplification system. Multiplex population genetic analyses derived from the same 16 Y-STR loci were carried out among the Shaanxi Han population and 12 reference populations from China. Results The gene diversities (GD) ranged from the maximum value of 0.9609 (DYS385a,b) to the minimum value of 0.5441 (DYS531). Besides, 217 distinct haplotypes were detected wholly in 220 individuals, of which 214 (98.62%) were exclusive. The entire haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC) were 0.9999 and 0.9864, respectively, while the haplotype match probability (HMP) was 0.0045. Among the reference populations, the obtained results of population genetic analyses revealed that the Shaanxi Han population had the largest genetic distance with the Guangxi Yao group, but the smallest genetic distance with the Hunan Tujia group. Conclusions These Y-STR loci in the AGCU Y SUPP STR amplification system were of high genetic polymorphisms and the amplification system could be used as a prospective complementary tool for forensic application and paternal genetics in the Shaanxi Han population

Iron-Catalyzed <i>N</i>‑Arylsulfonamide Formation through Directly Using Nitroarenes as Nitrogen Sources

One-step, catalytic synthesis of <i>N</i>-arylsulfonamides via the construction of N–S bonds from the direct coupling of sodium arylsulfinates with nitroarenes was realized in the presence of FeCl₂ and NaHSO₃ under mild conditions. In this process, stable and readily available nitroarenes were used as nitrogen sources, and NaHSO₃ acted as a reductant to provide <i>N</i>-arylsulfonamides in good to excellent yields. A broad range of functional groups were very well-tolerated in this reaction system. In addition, mechanistic studies indicated that the N–S bond might be generated through direct coupling of nitroarene with sodium arylsulfinate prior to the reduction of nitroarenes by NaHSO₃. Accordingly, a reaction mechanism involving <i>N</i>-aryl-<i>N</i>-arenesulfonylhydroxylamine as an intermediate was proposed

Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in <i>Maize</i>, <i>Rice</i> and <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinases (RLCKs) are involved in various activities in plant growth and development. We have totally identified 162, 160, and 402 RLCK genes in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses divided 724 RLCK genes into 15 subfamilies and similar structural patterns of kinase activity sites and functional sites were observed within the subfamilies. Furthermore, the structural patterns of intron/exon in the same subfamilies were similar, implicating their close evolutionary relationship. Chromosome distribution indicated that segmental duplication of RLCK genes might be a major mechanism contributing to the expansion of the RLCK superfamilies in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis, respectively. The analysis of the synteny relationship and gene structure indicated that the evolution of most RLCKs in maize were prior to rice and Arabidopsis. Most of the ratio of Ka/Ks is inferior to one, suggesting that RLCK genes have experienced the negative selection in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Duplication time revealed that the maize was the earliest emergence among these three species. The expression profiles showed that there are some specifically expressed RLCK genes in maize root, leaf, ear, and tassel. These specific expression genes may participate in the developmental regulation of these maize tissues. Our results will be useful in providing new insights into evolution of RLCKs and revealing the regulatory network of maize, rice, and Arabidopsis development