Pion distribution amplitude from lattice QCD

We present the first lattice-QCD calculation of the pion distribution amplitude using the large-momentum effective field theory (LaMET) approach, which allows us to extract light cone parton observables from a Euclidean lattice. The mass corrections needed to extract the pion distribution amplitude from this approach are calculated to all orders in m_{π}^{2}/P_{z}^{2}. We also implement the Wilson-line renormalization which is crucial to remove the power divergences in this approach, and find that it reduces the oscillation at the end points of the distribution amplitude. Our exploratory result at 310-MeV pion mass favors a single-hump form broader than the asymptotic form of the pion distribution amplitude.United States. Department of Energy. Office of Science (Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231)United States. Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-93ER-40762)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 11DZ2260700)National Science Council (China) (Grant No. 11175114)National Science Council (China) (Grant No. 1405104)National Science Council (China) (Grant No. 11655002)German Research Foundation (grant SCHA 458/20-1)SFB/TRR-55 grant "Hadron Physics from Lattice QCD"MIT International Science and Technology InitiativesTaiwan. Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. 105-2112-M-002-017-MY3)Taiwan. Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. No. 105-2918-I-002 -003)National Taiwan University. Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical SciencesUnited States. Department of Energy. Office of Nuclear Physics (TMD Topical Collaboration)United States. Department of Energy. Laboratory Directed Research and Development (Contract No. DE-SC0012704

Proton Isovector Helicity Distribution on the Lattice at Physical Pion Mass

We present a state-of-the-art calculation of the isovector quark helicity Bjorken-$x$ distribution in the proton using lattice-QCD ensembles at the physical pion mass. We compute quasi-distributions at proton momenta $P_z \in \{2.2, 2.6, 3.0\}$~GeV on the lattice, and match them systematically to the physical parton distribution using large-momentum effective theory (LaMET). We reach an unprecedented precision through high statistics in simulations, large-momentum proton matrix elements, and control of excited-state contamination. The resulting distribution with combined statistical and systematic errors is in agreement with the latest phenomenological analysis of the spin-dependent experimental data; in particular, $\Delta \bar{u}(x)>\Delta \bar{d}(x)$.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

First direct lattice-QCD calculation of the x -dependence of the pion parton distribution function

We present the first direct lattice-QCD calculation of the Bjorken-x dependence of the valence quark distribution of the pion. Using large-momentum effective theory (LaMET), we calculate the boosted pion state with long Wilson link operators. After implementing the one-loop matching and meson mass corrections, our result at m(pi) approximate to 310 MeV is in agreement with those extracted from experimental data as well as from the Dyson-Schwinger equation in the small-x region, but there is a sizeable discrepancy in the large-x region. This discrepancy provides a nice opportunity to systematically study and disentangle the artifacts in the LaMET approach, which will eventually help to discern various existing analyses in the literature

Efficacy and safety of Danggui Niantong Decoction in patients with gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Danggui Niantong Decoction (DGNT) systematically on gout treating.Methods: This study was registered in PROSPERO, and the registration number was CRD42021271607. By the end of December, 2022, literature research was conducted among eight electronic databases. Main results of this study were blood uric acid (BUA) and Creactive protein (CRP). Secondary outcomes were erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum creatinine (Scr), urinary protein quantified at 24 h (Upro), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Study screening, data collection, as well as quality assessment were performed by two reviewers independently, and analysis was completed using Stata (SE15.0) and Review Manager (5.4).Results: A total number of 13 studies were included in our meta-analysis (n = 1,094 participants). Results showed DGNT combined with conventional western medicine (CWM) was more effective than WM alone in BUA (weighted mean differences (WMD) = −3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−50.36, −32.59], p = 0.000), CRP (WMD = −41.48, 95% CI [−4.32, −2.66], p = 0.017), ESR (WMD = −6.23, 95% CI [−9.28, −3.17], p = 0.019), Scr (WMD = −18.64, 95% CI [−23.09, −14.19], p = 0.001), Upro (WMD = −0.72, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.53], p = 0.000), and IL-8 (WMD = −4.77, 95% CI [−11.48, 1.94], p = 0.000). None of the adverse effects noted were severe, and no life-threatening event was reported.Conclusion: This study shows that DGNT combined with CWM seems to have an effective clinical therapeutic potential. In addition, it also provides a scientific basis for better clinical application of DGNT in the future.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021271607; Identifier: PROSPERO, CRD42021271607

Parton distribution function with nonperturbative renormalization from lattice QCD

We present lattice results for the isovector unpolarized parton distribution with nonperturbative regularization-invariant momentum-subtraction scheme (RI/MOM) renormalization on the lattice. In the framework of large-momentum effective field theory (LaMET), the full Bjorken-x dependence of a momentum-dependent quasidistribution is calculated on the lattice and matched to the ordinary light cone parton distribution at one-loop order, with power corrections included. The important step of RI/MOM renormalization that connects the lattice and continuum matrix elements is detailed in this paper. A few consequences of the results are also addressed here

HIF drives lipid deposition and cancer in ccRCC via repression of fatty acid metabolism

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is histologically defined by its lipid and glycogen-rich cytoplasmic deposits. Alterations in the VHL tumor suppressor stabilizing the hypoxiainducible factors (HIFs) are the most prevalent molecular features of clear cell tumors. The significance of lipid deposition remains undefined. We describe the mechanism of lipid deposition in ccRCC by identifying the rate-limiting component of mitochondrial fatty acid transport, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), as a direct HIF target gene. CPT1A is repressed by HIF1 and HIF2, reducing fatty acid transport into the mitochondria, and forcing fatty acids to lipid droplets for storage. Droplet formation occurs independent of lipid source, but only when CPT1A is repressed. Functionally, repression of CPT1A is critical for tumor formation, as elevated CPT1A expression limits tumor growth. In human tumors, CPT1A expression and activity are decreased versus normal kidney; and poor patient outcome associates with lower expression of CPT1A in tumors in TCGA. Together, our studies identify HIF control of fatty acid metabolism as essential for ccRCC tumorigenesis

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal the Genetic Basis of Ionomic Variation in Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important dietary source of both essential micronutrients and toxic trace elements for humans. The genetic basis underlying the variations in the mineral composition, the ionome, in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a comprehensive study of the genetic architecture of the variation in the rice ionome performed using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the concentrations of 17 mineral elements in rice grain from a diverse panel of 529 accessions, each genotyped at ∼6.4 million single nucleotide polymorphism loci. We identified 72 loci associated with natural ionomic variations, 32 that are common across locations and 40 that are common within a single location. We identified candidate genes for 42 loci and provide evidence for the causal nature of three genes, the sodium transporter gene Os-HKT1;5 for sodium, Os-MOLYBDATE TRANSPORTER1;1 for molybdenum, and Grain number, plant height, and heading date7 for nitrogen. Comparison of GWAS data from rice versus Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) also identified well-known as well as new candidates with potential for further characterization. Our study provides crucial insights into the genetic basis of ionomic variations in rice and serves as an important foundation for further studies on the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling the rice ionome